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  Home >> Study Abroad U.S. A >> Educational System of Various Institutions and Courses Offered in USA


Educational system

One of the distinguishing features of the American educational system is autonomy of its institutions. The post secondary educational institutions are generally called colleges and universities. These are not under any central ministry of education. As such, each college or university has its own programmes and sets its own admission criteria for students, both domestic and international. While some of the universities have set very high and exacting standards there are other universities which are both flexible and less demanding in this respect.

Another noteworthy characteristic of the American educational system is accreditation of institutions. Bum colleges and universities are accredited by accrediting agencies which are non-governmental associations.

The accrediting bodies have laid down their norms for the purpose of granting accreditation and they do so only when factors like standard of instruction, qualifications of the members of teaching faculties, and facilities such as library, laboratory are up to such set standards. Briefly speaking, accreditation is the sole important medium of evaluation of universities in the United States. Accreditation also facilitates transfer of student from one accredited institution to another. It is therefore advisable to take admission in an accredited institution. Accredited universities are also recognised by the Indian Government.

Various institutions and courses offered
Most of the Indian students confront difficulties when it comes to choose a college or university in the United States. The difficulty partially arises from the fact that though there exist around 3600 higher education institutions, spread over 50 states in the United States. About 2000 universities offer UG courses and some 1100 offer both UG and PG courses.

It may be relevant to know about the various types of educational institutions in the US. Unlike in India, the word 'school' does not restrict education up to twelve years of schooling but it is an educational institution which may impart education at any level.

Higher education institutions in America:
(a) Technical Colleges (b) Community or Junior Colleges (c) Colleges and Universities offering traditional baccalaurate degree (of 4-year duration) (d) Universities (graduate schools at universities provide master's/doctoral degree)

Technical colleges teach skills for professions such as plumbing, electrical etc. to name a few. They however, do not offer advanced educational degree but have the provision for transfer of credit to four­ year colleges and universities offering regular baccalaureate degree programs.

Community colleges (these are also known as two-year colleges or junior colleges) They constitute the largest segment of Higher education in America. Most of these are suitable for students whose qualification is not high enough to apply directly to the Universities. They offer first two years of a four-year degree programme i.e. one can study at a community college for a period of two years and then later transfer to a college or university, as one wishes, and complete bachelor's degree program. The Community colleges offer a two-year associate's degree and certificate programmes only. These colleges are comparatively cheaper in cost of education and have convenient study hours as many of these are open from early morning to late night. These colleges do not have boarding arrangements for students. The average class size at most of these colleges is much smaller than at four year colleges or Universities. These help International students to adjust better to American lifestyle before entering U. S. universities. Most of the community colleges offer ELS (English as second language program) to help students who are less proficient in English language.

Community colleges offer a variety of programmes in different disciplines. They offer Associate of Arts (AA) or Associate of Science (AS) degrees. As an international student you may take up University transfer program as it will save your money and after two years you can transfer to a four year program in a college or a university. For more information you may log on to www.aace.nche.edu

Colleges (Four-year colleges) offer a four year program of study leading to a bachelor's degree. Admission standards vary from college to college and areas of specialisation. Getting admission here can be very competitive. High tuition costs is one of the main characteristics of these colleges. Accommodation is generally guaranteed at least for the first year.

Colleges which are 'Private' however, provide more funding options for international students. There art  around 600 private or independent colleges in the USA distributed throughout the country, in all the major cities, small towns, and rural areas. These colleges offer more undergraduate programs and less graduate programs. All the characteristics described above apply to Undergraduate Universities as well.

Universities or Graduate schools offer master's degree or Ph.D. programs in the US. In some universities master's degree may take just one year to complete. Master's thesis on the other hand takes a minimum of at least one and a half year to complete. Similarly, due to prescribed coursework in some professional degrees they cannot be completed in a year's time. MBA degrees can be attained in one year if you have requisite work experience. Ph.D. degree requires an additional three years or more to complete.

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