DNA Uptake by Chloroplasts in Vivo
Since chloroplasts are compared with prokaryotes, they should be able to take up DNA in a manner analogous to bacterial transformation using naked DNA. If DNA is injected into the protoplasts either by microinjection or by electroporation, this DNA will be available in cytoplasm to be taken up by the chloroplasts.
This may be facilitated, if a DNA sequence is identified, which may work as a signal and is recognized by a receptor in the chloroplast, thus facilitating internalization of DNA.