Requirement and Criteria for Field Trials, Laboratory, Greenhouse data, Minimum isolation, Foundation Seeds, Transgenic plants, Non-compatible

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Home >> Plant Biotechnology and Genomics >> Field Testing and Commercialization >> Requirements and Criteria for Field Trials

	Requirements and criteria for field trials While submitting applications for field trials, all details of the method of production including details of vectors, expression cassettes, the foreign genes and the marker genes (with laboratory/greenhouse data) are to be submitted. The following criteria are insisted, which need to be followed, while conducting field trials: (i) Minimum isolation distance recommended for 'Foundation Seeds' need to be maintained all around transgenic plants; (ii) non-compatible crops could be grown in this isolation distance; (iii) beyond the isolation distance, a few rows of non-transgenic plants will also be grown at intervals of 1 to 5m from the isolation distance in order to estimate the distance of pollen escape;
The seeds from these plants are collected and examined for transgenic/marker trait to assess the pollen transfer/flow; (iv) data will be collected for at least two years as safety tests; (v) all vegetative parts and left over seeds need to be destroyed by burning after the experiment; (vi) after the experiment, the land need to be left fallow for one year and plants emerging if any need to be destroyed; (vii) the experimental field need to be visited by authorized personnel only and record of visits maintained; (viii) a record of transgenic seed produced need to be maintained and no transgenic seed be transacted or further propagated without authorization. In India field trials for transgenic crops started in 1995, after M/S Proagro-PGS India Ltd., were issued the first permit in September, 1994 to conduct mustard field trials in contained and controlled environment at Gurgaon (Haryana) and Bangalore (Karnataka).
The transgenic mustard seed for male sterility and fertility restorer were imported from PGS (Belgium). Apart from field trials, Proagro-PGS India Ltd also conducted contained glasshouse experiments in Gurgaon. They have also imported tomato seeds containing a Bt CryIA(b)gene from PGS Belgium and the experiments were designed to test its resistance to insects damaging tomato fruits in India. Therefore, the company also started transgenic tomato field trials in India in 1998. The company also conducted contained glasshouse trials for Bt eggplants. The second field trials in India were conducted by Mahyco of Bombay in collaboration with the US based company MonsantoMayhco-Monsanto had imported transgenic cotton seed containing Bt genes for insect (bollworm) resistance, and the field tests were conducted at Jalna, Maharashtra. They also backcrossed the transgenic cotton with domestic cotton lines for transferring inse t resistance due to gene from Bt (estimated annual loss due to bollworms damage to cotton is US$40 million). Many glasshouse trials were also conducted, which were later extended to field trials.

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