Shoot Bud Differentiation, Chemical Factors, Physical Factors, Cytokinin, Kinetin, Auxin, Organogenesis, Tobacco Pith Tissue

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Home >> Plant Biotechnology and Genomics >>Tissue Culture, Micropropagation and Somaclonal Variation >>Shoot Bud Differentiation

Shoot Bud Differentiation
Shoot bud differentiation is stimulated in plants by a variety of chemical and physical factors, but these factors vary widely for different plant materials, so that no general recipes can be prescribed. In this connection, the relative ratio of cytokinin (kinetin) to auxin (IAA) was considered important in determining the nature of organogenesis in tobacco pith tissue. It was shown that high level of kinetin caused bud initiation, while high concentration of auxin favoured rooting. However, there are other studies which suggested that the nature of organ (root or shoot) formed was exclusively determined by the concentration of auxin (NAA) and not by the ratio of cytokinin to auxin. In most cereals, callus tissue exhibits organogenesis when it is transferred from a medium containing 2, 4-D to a medium lacking it or where 2, 4-D is replaced by IAA or NAA.

The requirement of cytokinin and auxin for bud differentiation depends on the endogenous levels of these two classes of substances in the tissues used for culture. Thus not only different plant materials differ in their ability to undergo shoot bud differentiation, but some tissues are incapable of bud formation in cultures due to special requirements, rather than due to lack of inherent genetic ability to do so. Shoot bud formation is also controlled by the size and source of the explant. The larger the explant (containing parenchyma, cambium and vascular tissue), the better are the chances of shoot bud formation, irrespective of auxin-cytokinin concentration. Similarly, depending upon the plant species, leaves or leaf fragments, root sections and influorescence sections or cotyledons may be used as explants leading to the formation of adventitious buds.

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