Ovary Culture, Culture Medium, Several Plant Materials, Vitro Pollination, Fertilization, Embryo Rescue, Embryo Culture, Ovule Culture

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Ovary Culture
In vitro rooting of the pedicel and a limited growth of ovaries, on a culture medium, were obtained rather early (La Rue, 1942), although technique for growing excised ovaries on culture medium was developed later in several plant materials, including tobacco, tomato, beans, etc. Subsequently mature fruits containing seeds could be successfully obtained from ovaries excised from pollinated flowers (e.g. Cucumis, tomato). In our own country, at Delhi University (under the leadership of late Prof. P. Maheshwari), healthy fruits from excised ovaries could be successfully obtained in several plant materials including Iberis amara (an ornamental).

Ovary culture is often used either for in vitro pollination and fertilization (as discussed earlier) or for embryo rescue, when the embryo culture and ovule culture either fail, or are not feasible due to very small ovules. Interspecific hybrids, using ovary culture, have successfully been obtained in several genera including Brassica (B. campetris × B. oleracea).

For interspecific or intertgeneric crosses, ovaries are excised at the zygote stage or at the two celled proembryos stage and normal development is completed in vitro. The development of fruit may be promoted by application of chemicals like IAA, or by addition of coconut milk to the medium. Ovary culture, prior to fertilization, may also lead to the development of parthenogenetic haploids. This has been achieved successfully in materials like wheat, barley and other crops.

Ovary culture has also been used for a study of the understanding of physiology of fruit development. For this purpose, specific chemicals may be added and their effect observed by comparing the development of fruit in the treated ovaries with that in control. This is ordinarily not possible, when the treatment is given to the entire plant, because the chemical may undergo alterations, exercising an entirely different effect on ovary growth and development.

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List of Some Crop Species where Desirable and Heritable Somaclonal Variation Overcoming Crossing Barriers Using Culture Technques Pre-Fertilization Crossing Barriers on Culture Techniques Post-Fertilization Crossing Barriers Embryo Rescue Embryo Culture Ovule Culture Ovary Culture Other Uses of Tissue Culture Endosperm Culture Nucellus Culture Germplasm Storage Examples of Storage of Plant Tissue Culture Status of Tissue Culture Technology in India Micropropagation Research in India Status of Tissue-Culture Technology in India-Semi Commercial Status of Tissue-Culture Technology in India Commercial Scale Production Somaclonal and Gametoclonal Work in India Secondary Metabolities Research in India

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