Embryo Culture, Aseptic, Sterile Area, Laminar Flow Cabinet, Culture Plates, Culture Tubes, Culture Room, Phylogenetic, Genome Analysis

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Home >> Plant Biotechnology and Genomics >>Tissue Culture, Micropropagation and Somaclonal Variation >>Embryo Culture

Embryo Culture
For embryo culture, embryos are excised from immature seeds, usually under a ‘hood’ (laminar flow cabinet), which provides a clean aseptic and sterile area. Sometimes, the immature seeds are surface sterilized and soaked in water for a few hours, before the embryos are excised. The excised embryos are directly transferred to a culture dish or culture tube containing synthetic nutrient medium.

The entire operation is carried out in the ‘laminar flow cabinet’, and the culture plates or culture tubes with excised embryos are transferred to a culture room maintained at a suitable temperature, photoperiod and humidity. The frequency of excised embryos that give rise to seedlings generally varies greatly and the medium may even have to be modified in difficult cases. Most extensive use of this embryo culture technique has been made for making interspecific and Intergeneric crosses within the tribe Triticeae of the grass family (Poaceae).

The hybrids raised through embryo culture have been utilized for (i) Phylogenetic studies and genome analysis, (ii) transfer of useful agronomic traits from wild genera and species to the cultivated crops and (iii) to raise synthetic crops like triticale by producing amphiploids from the hybrids. The distant hybrids which can not be obtained even through embryo culture, can be obtained through protoplast fusion.

Embryo culture has also been used for haploid production through distant hybridization followed by elimination of the chromosomes of one parent in the hybrid embryos cultured as above. A popular example includes hybridization of barley with Hordeum bulbosum leading to the production of haploid barely. Haploid wheat plants have also been successfully obtained through culture of hybrid embryos from wheat × H. bulbosum and wheat × maize crosses.

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List of Some Crop Species where Desirable and Heritable Somaclonal Variation Overcoming Crossing Barriers Using Culture Technques Pre-Fertilization Crossing Barriers on Culture Techniques Post-Fertilization Crossing Barriers Embryo Rescue Embryo Culture Ovule Culture Ovary Culture Other Uses of Tissue Culture Endosperm Culture Nucellus Culture Germplasm Storage Examples of Storage of Plant Tissue Culture Status of Tissue Culture Technology in India Micropropagation Research in India Status of Tissue-Culture Technology in India-Semi Commercial Status of Tissue-Culture Technology in India Commercial Scale Production Somaclonal and Gametoclonal Work in India Secondary Metabolities Research in India