Somatic Hybrids for Gene Transfer, Solanaceae Contains, Somatic Hybridization, Nicotiana Datura, Petunia, Solanum, Lycopersicon,Umebllifereae

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Protoplast Culture Regeneration and Somatic Hybridization Protoplast Culture Regeneration and Somatic Hybridization - Introduction Isolation of Proplasts Mechanical Method Enzymatic Method Direct One Step Method Sequential Two Step Method Purification of Isolated Protoplasts Sedimentation and Washing Flotation Viability and Plating Density of Protoplasts Testing Protoplast Viability Minimum Plating Density MPD and Culturing Individual Protaplasts Protaplast Culture and Regeneration of Plants Isolation of Subprotoplasts Protoplast Fusion and Somatic Hybridization Techniques of Protoplast Fusion

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Somatic hybrids for gene transfer

The family Solanaceae contains the most commonly used species for somatic hybridization. The genera from this family that have been often used for somatic hybridization include Nicotiana, Datura.

Petunia, Solanum, Lycopersicon, etc. Other families include Umbellifereae (e.g., interspecific hybrids in the genus Daucus- carrot and its relatives).

In Rutaceae, Citrus has been combined with species from other genera. In Leguminoseae, several genera including Medicago, Trifolium and Lotus have been used for somatic hybridization.

Even among cereals, hybrids between rice (Oryza sativa) and Echinochloa oryzicola (barnyard grass) have been obtained.

However, one of the most extensive programmes was undertaken in the family Brassicaceae at Uppsala, Sweden. A collaborative programme in Brassicaceae was also undertaken at New Delhi, the collaborating institutes being IARI, TERI and Delhi University.

Some of the interspecific somatic hybrids produced so far. Similarly intergeneric somatic hybrids and inter-tribal hybrids within Brassicaceae. The hybrids within Brassicaceae.

Interspecific Somatic Hybrids formed Between Different Brassica Species

1. n = 18 B. nigra B	6. n = 17 B. napo juncea AABC
2. n = 27 B. napo nigra	7. n = 9 B. Oleracea C
3. n = 17 B. Carinata BC	8. n = 19 B. napus AC
4. n = 18 B. Juncea AB	9. B. n = 10 campestris AB
5. n = ? B. napo carinate ABCC	10. n = 26 B. napo oleracea ACC

Intergeneric Somatic Hybrids Produced within the Tribe Brassiceae

1. Raphanus Sativus	9. Maricandio Brassica
2. Eurasica	10. Moricandia arvensis
3. Eruca Sativa	11. Sinapo oleracea
4. Raphano Brassica	12. Sinapo brassica
5. B. juncea	13. Diplotaxo Brassica
6. Eruco Brassica	14. Diplotaxo juncea
7. B. oleracea	15. Sinapis alba arvensis turgida
8. B. napus	16. Diplotaxis Muralis

Intertribal Somatic Hybrids Produced within the family Brassicaceae (hybrids shown by thick closed circles

1. B. napus	7. Tribe Sisymbrieae
2. B. Campestris	8. Arabidopsis thaliana
3. Tribe Lepideae	9. Barbareo brassica
4. Thilaspi Perfoliatum	10. Tribe Arabideae
5. Thilaspo brassica	11. Barbarea vulgaris
6. Arabido brassica

Intergeneric fertile hybrids were obtained in several cases particularly within the tribe Brassicaceae. These fertile hybrids were backcrossed to cultivated species followed by screening for economic traits like drought and insect resistance (transferred from Eruca),

pathogen resistance (transferred from Sinapis), cytoplasmic male sterility or CMS (transferred from Diplotaxis), cold tolerance (from Barbarea), and high concentration of nervonic acid, a lubricant (from Thalspi).

Symmetric hybrids between tomato and potato, produced by protoplast fusion, have been shown to exhibit intermediate cold tolerance. In another example, substitution of Solanum acaule genome into S. tuberosum resulted in an appreciable increase in frost resistance.

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