Induced Fusion, Somatic Hybridization, Interspecific Fusion, Diverse Sources, Spontaneous Fusion, Fusion Requiring a Suitable Agent, Fusogen

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Protoplast Culture Regeneration and Somatic Hybridization Protoplast Culture Regeneration and Somatic Hybridization - Introduction Isolation of Proplasts Mechanical Method Enzymatic Method Direct One Step Method Sequential Two Step Method Purification of Isolated Protoplasts Sedimentation and Washing Flotation Viability and Plating Density of Protoplasts Testing Protoplast Viability Minimum Plating Density MPD and Culturing Individual Protaplasts Protaplast Culture and Regeneration of Plants Isolation of Subprotoplasts Protoplast Fusion and Somatic Hybridization Techniques of Protoplast Fusion

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Induced fusion

Somatic hybridization is generally used for fusion of protoplasts either from two different species (interspecific fusion) or from two diverse sources belonging to the same species.

To achieve this objective, spontaneous fusion may be of no value, and induced fusion requiring a suitable agent (fusogen) is necessary. In animals, inactivated Sendai virus is needed to induce fusion.

In plants, however, the inducing agent first brings the protoplasts together and then causes them to adhere to one another for bringing about fusion.

During 1970-2000, a variety of treatments were successfully utilized for fusion of plant protoplasts. These treatments particularly included the following: NaNO3, high pH with high Ca++ ion concentration, polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment and electrical impulse.

Different Experimental Methods used for induction of Protoplast Fusion

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Induced Fusion NaNo₃-treatment Treatment with Calcium Ions ca⁺⁺ at High pH Polyethylene Glycol PEG Treatment Electrical Fusion Selection of Fused Protaplasts Chromosome Status of Somatic Hybrids Interspecific Hybrids Produced Through Protoplast Fusion Intergeneric Hybrids Produced Through Protaplast Fusion Use of Protoplast Fusion and Somatic Hybrids Somatic Hybrids for Gene Transfer Asymmetry in Somatic Hybrids for Gene Transfer Somatic Hybrids for Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Cytoplasmic Hybrids or Cybrids Genetic Modification Transformation of Protoplasts