Genetic Studies,Disomic Inheritance,Reduced Chromosome,Polyhaploids,Diploids,Gnetic Studies,Electrophoresis,Glucose Concentration

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Production and Uses of Haploids Production and Uses of Haploids Introduction Production of Haploids Anther and Microspore Culture Ovule Culture Chromosome Elimination Somatic Reduction and Chromosome Elimination Mechanism of Chromosome Elimination Detection or Identification of Haploids Use of Haploids in Plant Breeding Programmes Use of Haploids in Species with Disomic Inheritance Hybrid Sorting in Haploid Breeding Some high Yielding Crop Varieties through Hybrid Sorting Using Anther Culture

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Genetic Studies
Disomic inheritance and reduced chromosome number in polyhaploids (e.g. dihaploids in potato) offer special advantage for their use in a variety of genetic studies. Using potato as an example, the uses of haploids in genetic studies can be listed as follows : (i) Using haploids for a study of isozymes through electrophoresis, a number of genes for several isozymes were identified in potato. Progress has also been made in determining the number of genes for other traits like disease resistance and other agronomic traits. (ii) Using haploids in potato, heritability was also determined for several traits like specific gravity, glucose concentration, tuber dormancy, total yield and tuber weight.

(iii) The genotype of a tetraploid can also be determined by extracting and analysing the possible haploids, as has been done in potato for acid gel proteins, several isozymes and self incompatibility, because the recessive alleles are unmasked in these haploids. (iv) Intralocus interactions could be studied using haploids in potato, because at a tetra-allelic locus (A1A2A3A4) in potato, one expects six first order interactions (A1A2, A1A3, A1A4, A2A3, A2A4, A3A4), three second order interactions (A1A2A3, A1A2A4, A2A3A4) and one third order interaction (A1A2A3A4). As opposed to this, dihaploids will have only one interaction (A1A2), which partly explains loss of vigour. (v) Recently dihaploids × wild species crosses were also used for the preparation of RELP linkage maps several crops.

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Comparison of Pedigree and Bulk Methods of Conventional Plant Breeding Production of Spontaneously Doubled Haploids for Breeding Use of Haploids in Species with Polysomic Inheritance Analytical Breeding in Potato Two Breeding Schemes Using 2n Gametes in Potato Analytical Synthetic Breeding for Potato Limitations to Haploid Breeding Other Uses of Haploids Mutation Research Gametoclonal Variation Cytogenetics Research Evolutionary Studies Genetic Studies