Whole Genome Sequencing arid Functional Genomics Introduction,Arabidopsis Thalian,Brassicas,Thale Cress

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Whole Genome Sequencing and Functional Genomics Whole Genome Sequencing and Functional Genomics Introduction Thale Cress (Arabidopsis Thaliana) Genome Genome Sequences of Five Chromosomes Gene Organization Arabidopsis Genes vs Animal Genes Arabidopsis "2010 Project" Rice (Oryza Sativa) Genome International Rice Genome Sequencing Project (IRGSP)

Home >> Plant Biotechnology and Genomics >>Whole Genome Sequencing and Functional Genomics >> Whole Genome Sequencing arid Functional Genomics Introduction

	Whole Genome Sequencing arid Functional Genomics Introduction We described the methods used for whole genome sequencing and for the study of complete proteome in unicellular microbes and in multicellular eukaryotic organisms. We also discussed the genome sequences of four eukaryotes including those of human beings. However, most higher plants have genomes bigger than that of the biggest eukaryotic genome sequenced till 1999, and were, therefore, difficult materials for whole genome sequencing.
Despite this, in several higher plants including a Crucifer weed, thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)and crops like rice, sorghum and maize, significant progress in the analysis of whole genome was made in the last decade of the 20th century and in the early years of the 21st century. For instance, DNA sequence of the whole genome involving all the five chromosomes of Arabidopsis thaliana was completed and published in December 2000. This event was celebrated all over the world, because this was believed to pave the way for understanding the functions of all genes in a higher plant, thus facilitating gene discovery in crop species. It is also believed, that it will eventually lead to improved productivity of our crop plants, which will not only alleviate the hunger on this planet, but will also help in overcoming the malnutrition in developing countries.
Four drafts of the complete genome sequence of rice have also been completed, two of them by private companies (one by Monsanto in April, 2000 and the other by Syngenta in January, 2001) the third by BGI and the fourth by IRGSP. Two of these draft sequences of rice genome (one each by syngenta and BGI) were published in Science (USA), on April 5, 2002. The complete genome of rice is now targeted to be fully sequenced (high quality sequence) by the year 2003, and hopefully the genome of maize will also be sequenced eventually. .The progress made in this exciting area of plant genomics and its implications on plant biotechnology and crop improvement programmes will be briefly discussed in this chapter.

Some Important crops and their genomes

Common name	Species	Genome size (bp)
I. Brassicas
Thale cress	Arabidopsis	1.3 ´108
	thaliana
Oilseed	Brassica napus	1.2 ´109
rape/canola
II. Cereals
Rice	Oryza sativa	4.2 ´108
Barley	Hordeum vulgare	4.8 ´109
Wheat	Triticum aestivum	1.6 ´1010
Maize/corn	Zea mays	2.5 ´109
III. Legumes
Garden pea	Pisum sativum	4.1 ´109
Soybean	Glycine max	1.1 ´109
IV. Solanaceae
Potato	Solanum tuberosum	1.8 ´109
Tomato	Lycopersicon	1.0 ´109
	esculentum

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Two Draft Sequences of Rice Genome Published Maize (Zea Mays) Genome Other Plant Genomes Plant Centromeres Functional Genomics Comparative Genomics Silico Discovery of Genes Gene Finding in Arabidopsis and Rice Management of data for Functional Genomics Gene Expression and Transcript Profiling EST Contigs and Unigene Sets Insertional Mutagenesis

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