Transgenic Plants for Edible Vaccines, Peptide Epitodes, Pathogens, Biopharmaceutical, ProDigene, Maize vaccine, Cell culture

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Molecular Farming Pharming Molecular Farming Pharming Introduction Transgenic Plants as Production Systems Transgenic Plants for Recombinant Proteins in Plant Root Exudates Transgenic Plants for Value Added Speciality Crops Transgenic Plants Production of Cyclodextrins Transgenic Plants Bacteria which Produce CGTases Transgenic Plants Production of Polyhydroxybutyrate or PHB Transgenic Plants Production of Human Serum Albumin (HSA) Transgenic Plants Production of Starch Transgenic Plants for Edible Vaccines

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Transgenic Plants for Edible Vaccines
Genes for peptide epitopes of pathogens can be used for the production of vaccines against a variety of human and animal diseases. This concept of vaccine production in transgenic plants was introduced in 1992. In the year 1995, a biopharmaceutical company Prosigene from Texas (USA) conducted clinical trails, where pigs, fed with an edible maize vaccine, were found protected against the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). The company has also take patent on this and other edible vaccines produced in transgenic crops. Such vaccines, whenever successful, will provide a technology for production and delivery of inexpensive vaccines, especially in the developing world. This technology will also be cheaper than the expensive recombinant cell cuture-based expression systems.

A mucosal immune response is necessary particularly for combating infections due to bacteria/viruses invading epithelial membrane. Mucosal immune system involves production of secretory IgA (S-IgA) at mucosal surfaces such as gut and respiratory epithelia. Such a response is more easily achieved by oral vaccine rather than by parenteral (administered elsewhere than in alimentary canal) antigen delivery system. Particulate antigens rather than subunit or soluble antigens have been shown to be effective oral immunogens. The subunit vaccines whenever used require larger amounts (mg versus mg) of antigens and will be expensive if produced in recombinant cell culture expression system, which will need fermentation technology. In contrast to this, transgenic plants can be made to express the antigens in particulate form in the edible tissue, which can then be used as food, thus providing an inexpensive oral vaccine production and delivery system

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Factors Affecting Choice of Transgenic Plants for Vaccines Transgenic Tobacco, Potato and Banana as Edible Vaccines Transgenics as Edible Vaccines for Hepatitis B The Production of Vaccines in Transgenic Plants Alternative to Transgenic Plant for Vaccine Production Transgenic Plants for Antibodies Production of Antibodies in Transgenic Plants Transgenic Plants as Factories for Biopharmaceuticals Production of Biopharmaceuticals in Transgenic Plants Production of Glucocerebrosidase for 'Gaucher's Disease' Production of Hirudin (an Anticoagulant) for 'Thrombosis'