Transgenic Plants as Production Systems, Human serum albulin, Protein, Enkephalins, Glutelin, Peptide Sequence, Tobacco

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Molecular Farming Pharming Molecular Farming Pharming Introduction Transgenic Plants as Production Systems Transgenic Plants for Recombinant Proteins in Plant Root Exudates Transgenic Plants for Value Added Speciality Crops Transgenic Plants Production of Cyclodextrins Transgenic Plants Bacteria which Produce CGTases Transgenic Plants Production of Polyhydroxybutyrate or PHB Transgenic Plants Production of Human Serum Albumin (HSA) Transgenic Plants Production of Starch Transgenic Plants for Edible Vaccines

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	Transgenic Plants as Production Systems In the past, CaMV35S promoters in transgenic plants were used for the constitutive expression of foreign genes encoding speciality chemicals. This, however, gave low yields. For instance, human serum albumin accumulated to 0.02% and human C protein accumulated to 0.001% of total soluble protein (TSP). It was shown that if the expression was restricted to seeds; in case of enkephalins, it could lead to increase in yield up to 2.9% of TSP. Seed expression could be achieved by using seed specific promoters like the following: (i) glutelin (Gt3) promoter (glutelin is a subunit of storage proteins in cereals) could be used for seed specific transcription by placing the transgenes downstream of the glutelin (Gt3) signal peptide sequence;
(ii) legumin B4 promoter has also been used for seed specific expression of immunoglobulin transgenes in tobacco; in this case, legumin B4 signal sequence was also used for trafficking the immunoglobulin to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), since in the cytoplasm, immunoglobulin interferes with cell function. However, in tobacco, where seed akes small part of the biomass, expression of transgenes in vegetative tissues like leaves and stem may be more desirable, although high proportion of water in these tissues makes them unsuitable thus making tobacco suitable only for those biopharmaceuticals, which are otherwise very expensive. The above production systems have been used for molecular farming. However, they are not suitable for commercial large scale production, because extraction and purification would be inefficient and expensive.
In view of the above, full-scale production will probably involve grain and oilseed crops, such as maize, rice, wheat, soybean and oilseed rape. Proteins stored in seeds of these crops become desiccated and therefore could remain intact for long durations. Starch potatoes have also been recommended in some cases, where the transgenes are made to express in tubers which are either used as direct delivery systems or as storage organs, from which the chemical can be extracted and purified.

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Factors Affecting Choice of Transgenic Plants for Vaccines Transgenic Tobacco, Potato and Banana as Edible Vaccines Transgenics as Edible Vaccines for Hepatitis B The Production of Vaccines in Transgenic Plants Alternative to Transgenic Plant for Vaccine Production Transgenic Plants for Antibodies Production of Antibodies in Transgenic Plants Transgenic Plants as Factories for Biopharmaceuticals Production of Biopharmaceuticals in Transgenic Plants Production of Glucocerebrosidase for 'Gaucher's Disease' Production of Hirudin (an Anticoagulant) for 'Thrombosis'