Transgenic Plants for Oil Production Rapseed and Other Oil Crops, Major Emphasis, Development of Transgenic Crops, Herbicide Resistance

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Home >> Plant Biotechnology and Genomics >> Genetically Modified-GM Crops and Floricultural Plants >> Transgenic Plants for Oil Production Repeseed and Other Oil Crops

Transgenic plants for oil production (rapeseed and other oil crops)

The four major globally important oil crops are soybean, oil palm, rapeseed and sunflower, which account for -72% of world's vegetable oil production. Considerable progress in engineering oil production particularly in rapeseed, has been made in recent years (1990s).

Although in 1980s, major emphasis was laid on the development ,of transgenic crops for herbicide resistance, virus resistance and insect resistance, the emphasis in 1990s shifted towards resistance against abiotic stresses and towards improvement of quality traits like oil and protein content and their quality.

Consequently in the year 1993, crops containing modified quality traits (seed oil or protein composition) accounted for 31 % of all transgenic rapeseed releases (field trials). The improvement in oil content and oil quality through gene-transfer technology in rapeseed was easier relative to other quality traits in some crops, due to the following reasons:
(i) simple transformation system;
(ii) involvement of one or few genes;
(iii) relatedness with Arabidopsis whose genome has been thoroughly investigated leading to isolation of many genes including those for oil production.

Similar genes have also been isolated from other oil producing crops (e.g. castorbean). Some of these Arabidopsis genes have already been utilized for rapeseed improvement.

Oil content in seeds

Major oilseed crops contain about 20-45% (w/w) oil in their seed. Further increase has been difficult, although there are crops having 60-70% of oil in their seed (e.g. candlenut, sesame, oiticia, ucuhuba, etc).

Rapeseed also contains twice as much oil as soybean, and this is attributed to higher rate of oil synthesis in rapeseed than in soybean. It is therefore assumed that if flux of carbon towards oil is upregulated by manipulating one or two enzymes, more seed oil may accumulate.

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Antisense Sahh Gene for Resistance Against a Broad Spectrum of Viruses Mutant Gene for a Protein Necessary for Cell to Cell Movement of Virus in the Host Resistance Against Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens Broad Spectrum Disease Resistance Some Pathogens for Which Resistance has been Transferred in Some Crop Plants Resistance Against Abiotic Stresses Resistance Against Strees Drought Salt Heat Freezing Defense Against Water Stress Accumulation of Osmoprotectants Like Glycine Betaine Defense Against Oxidative Stress using Superoxide Dismutase sod Gene Transgenic Plants with Chilling Resistance Desaturation of Fatty Acids Improved Crop Productivity Improved Harvest Index Higher Biomass Production using Bacterial Hemoglobin Gene vhb Transgenic Plants for Hybrid Seed Production Improved Nutritional Quality Some Transgenic Plants Produced for Functional Food and Neutraceuticals Transgenic Plants for Oil Production Rapeseed and ther Oil Crops Proportion of Desired Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Pufas By Products From Oil Seed Crops Improvement of other Oil Seed Crops Altered Fatty Acid Composition in Brassica and Soybean Seed Oil Lysine Rich Transgenic Crops Canola and Soybean Crops Rich in Vitamin a Golden Rice and Golden Mustard Transgenic Crops Fortified with Iron Transgenic Plants Suitable for Transport and Long Shelf Life Transgenic Plants for Floriculture Transgenic Crops in India Transgenic Lines in Advanced Stage of Development or Field Testing in India