Transgenic Plants for Hybrid Seed Production, Brassica napus, Manual Emasculation, Specific Promoter, Ribonuclease, Amyloliquefaciens, Mle Sterility

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Home >> Plant Biotechnology and Genomics >> Genetically Modified-GM Crops and Floricultural Plants >> Transgenic Plants for Hybrid Seed Production

	Transgenic plants for hybrid seed production During 1990-1992, an exciting example of producing transgenic plants with male sterility and fertility restoration genes became available in Brassica napus. This should facilitate production of hybrid seed without manual emasculation and controlled pollination as often practiced in maize.
In 1990, C. Mariani and others from Belgium, successfully used a gene construct having an anther specific promoter (from TA29 gene of tobacco) and bacterial coding sequence for a ribonuclease (barnase gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) for production of transgenic plants in B. napus. The results were spectacular in the sense that the transferred gene prevented normal pollen development leading to male sterility. The product of barnase gene is cytotoxic killing the tapetal cells, thus preventing pollen development. Utilizing this male sterility barnase gene construct (TA29 - RNase), it was possible to introduce male sterility in other crops also.
These crops include tobacco, lettuce, cauliflower, cotton, tomato, corn, etc. The same group of workers (Mariani et at., 1992) used another gene construct later involving the same anther specific promoter i.e. TA29 and the barstar gene from B. amyloliquefaciens, for production of transgenic plants in B. napus. The product of barstar gene is a ribonuclease-inhibitor. It forms a complex with ribonuclease and neutralizes its cytotoxic properties. In Bacillus, the ribonuclease is active extracellularly and the bacterium itself is protected by a ribonuclease inhibitor protein coded by barstar gene), the F₁ plants expressed both genes so that male fertility was restored due to suppression of cytotoxic ribonuclease activity in the anther by the formation of cell specific RNase/RNase-inhibitor complexes.
This system of transgenic plants should facilitate hybrid seed production in crop plants in general. In India, barnase and baistar genes have been successfully transferred to Brassica guncea at University of Delhi South Camous (UDSC). These may eventually be used for hybrid seed production.

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