Management Strategies of Bt Depolyment, Development of Insect, Resistant Crops, Chemical Genes, Inducible Promoters

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Home >> Plant Biotechnology and Genomics >> Genetically Modified-GM Crops and Floricultural Plants >> Management Strategies of Bt Depolyment

	Management strategies of Bt deployment. One of the disadvantages of the development of insect resistant crops is the emergence of insect strains that may possess resistance against the toxin. This needs management strategies so that the resistance in the Bt-crops is durable. These strategies may be at the level of genes (pyramiding of genes or chimeric genes), at the level of gene promoters (tissue specific or wound inducible promoters), at the level of gene expression (low dose or mixtures) or at the level of field (mixture of genes, gene rotation, mosaic planting, refuge spatial or temporal).
Considerable success has been achieved in pyramiding. of genes and in monitoring the expression of genes. But in every strategy, the refuge approach is considered necessary to avoid development of resistance in the insects. This is achieved by ensuring that there are always plenty of susceptible insects nearby for the few resistant ones to mate with, so that the population of resistant insects does not increase (susceptibility being dominant). Refuge areas are provided in two possible ways: (i) only part of the field is planted with Bt-crop, the remaining part planted with conventional crop treated with insecticide; (ii) the whole field is planted with Bt-crop and a small area nearby is planted with conventional crop, totally untreated.
In both cases, non-transgenic fields will generate susceptible insects in large number to mate with resistant ones developed in the transgenic field, so that resistant ones leading to establishment of resistant strain in the population. Mixtures of transgenic resistant and non-transgenic lines in the same field have also been suggested and this approach is described as mosaics. This approach is described as mosaics. This approach has been considered unviable by the industry.

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