Insect Resistant Plants Based on Bt, Toxin Genes, Number of Crop Plants, Transgenic Plants, Manducta Sexta, Mortality of Larve

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Genetically Modified-GM Crops and Floricultural Plants List of Higher Plants Where Transgenic Plants have been Produced Resistane Against Biotic Stresses Herbicide Resistant Transgenic Plants Mechanism of Action of Different Herbicides and Basis of Achieving Resistance them in Transgenic Plants Detoxification or Degradation of Herbicide Complementary Systems of Insect Resistance in Crops Insect Resistant Transgenic Plants bt and Biopesticides bt Endotoxins and Their Genes Insect Resistant Plants Based on bt bt Crops as Substitute for Insecticide bt Endototoxin Cry and Their Activity Specfic Insect Species Information about Cry Genes Used for Production of Insect Resistant Transgenic Crops Managemment Strategies of bt Depolyment Genes for Protease Inhibitors Insecticidal of cpti Artifical Diets and in Transgenic Plants Gene for Alpha Amylase Inhibitor Genes for Phytocystatins Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors Genes for Other Insecticidal Secondary Metabolites Resistance Against Viral Infection Cross Protection Examples of Secondary Compounds from Legume Seeds with Demonstrated Insecticidal Properties Gene for Virus Coat or Capsid Protein cp from Positive Strand rna Viruses Genes for Resistance Against Geminiviruses Gene for Nucleocapsid n Protein from Tomato Spotted Willt Virus tswv Satellite RNA and its use for Transformation

Home >> Plant Biotechnology and Genomics >> Genetically Modified-GM Crops and Floricultural Plants >> Insect Resistant Plants based on Bt

	Insect resistant plants based on Bt The above toxin genes (bt2) from B. thuringiensis have been isolated and used for Agrobacterium Ti- plasmid mediated transformation of a number of crop plants including tobacco, cotton and tomato plants. The transgenic plants were resistant to Manducta sexta, a pest of tobacco. Experiments of feeding the leaves of these plants to larvae of M. Sexta, showed 75%100% mortality of the larvae, while the control plants carrying no transgenes were severely damaged. The presence of the gene bt2 as well as that of the toxin protein synthesized under its control was also demonstrated by appropriate experiments.
When inheritance of insect resistance was studied using crosses with normal control plants, F₁ showed resistance and F₂ generation exhibited expected segregation. Since, a native gene often does not express the gene at high level, truncated versions of genes are synthesized with altered codon usage and elimination of certain sequences (codon usage means that for same amino acids, codons that are efficient in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes are replaced by other degenerate codons known to be efficient in eukaryotes). As many as 410 Bt related patents have been issued during 1985-96, 52% of them issued in the North America, 30% in Europe and Russian countries and the remaining 18% mainly in Japan.
Further, about only l/3rd of these patents were related to Bt- biopesticides and the remaining 2/3rd were related to genes or Bt-based transgenic crops. The major Bt genes include CryIA(b), CryIA(c) and Crylll(a). Bt-based insect resistant transgenic crops, the genes employed, and the commercialization status of these crops are listed.

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Antisense Sahh Gene for Resistance Against a Broad Spectrum of Viruses Mutant Gene for a Protein Necessary for Cell to Cell Movement of Virus in the Host Resistance Against Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens Broad Spectrum Disease Resistance Some Pathogens for Which Resistance has been Transferred in Some Crop Plants Resistance Against Abiotic Stresses Resistance Against Strees Drought Salt Heat Freezing Defense Against Water Stress Accumulation of Osmoprotectants Like Glycine Betaine Defense Against Oxidative Stress using Superoxide Dismutase sod Gene Transgenic Plants with Chilling Resistance Desaturation of Fatty Acids Improved Crop Productivity Improved Harvest Index Higher Biomass Production using Bacterial Hemoglobin Gene vhb Transgenic Plants for Hybrid Seed Production Improved Nutritional Quality Some Transgenic Plants Produced for Functional Food and Neutraceuticals Transgenic Plants for Oil Production Rapeseed and ther Oil Crops Proportion of Desired Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Pufas By Products From Oil Seed Crops Improvement of other Oil Seed Crops Altered Fatty Acid Composition in Brassica and Soybean Seed Oil Lysine Rich Transgenic Crops Canola and Soybean Crops Rich in Vitamin a Golden Rice and Golden Mustard Transgenic Crops Fortified with Iron Transgenic Plants Suitable for Transport and Long Shelf Life Transgenic Plants for Floriculture Transgenic Crops in India Transgenic Lines in Advanced Stage of Development or Field Testing in India

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