Broad Spectrum Disease Resistance, Hypersensitive Reaction, Pathogen Growth, Expression of Genes, Harmful Effect

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Home >> Plant Biotechnology and Genomics >> Genetically Modified-GM Crops and Floricultural Plants >> Broad Spectrum Disease Resistance

	Broad spectrum disease resistance The biochemical events responsible for disease resistance involve induction of a signaling cascade, which leads to hypersensitive reaction (HR) due to cell death in the host leading to inhibition of pathogen growth. The HR reaction depends on an interaction between R gene of the host and Avr gene of the pathogen, so that a broad spectrum resistance through Hr could be achieved due to combined expression of these genes (R gene and the Avr gene) in the same plant. However expression of either one or both these genes needs to be tightly regulated to avoid harmful effect of their interaction on the host plant.
Following two approaches were used. (i) In one approach (two component sensor system), a pathogen inducible promoter is attached with Avr gene, so that Avr was expressed only on attack of the pathogen, leading to HR. (ii) in the other approach (four component genetically engineered acquired resistance or GEAR), a transposable element (TE) was inserted in R gene, so that on attack by the pathogen, the TE was excised and expression of R gene was restored leading to HR.
In summary, about two thirds of the genes, incorporated in the newly commercialized transgenic crops, confer resistance to biotic stresses including herbicide tolerance, insect resistance and virus resistance. The potential impact of these developments in terms of increased global food production and reduced insecticide use will be substantial, particularly with the insect resistant crops offering many new opportunities in crop protection.

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Antisense Sahh Gene for Resistance Against a Broad Spectrum of Viruses Mutant Gene for a Protein Necessary for Cell to Cell Movement of Virus in the Host Resistance Against Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens Broad Spectrum Disease Resistance Some Pathogens for Which Resistance has been Transferred in Some Crop Plants Resistance Against Abiotic Stresses Resistance Against Strees Drought Salt Heat Freezing Defense Against Water Stress Accumulation of Osmoprotectants Like Glycine Betaine Defense Against Oxidative Stress using Superoxide Dismutase sod Gene Transgenic Plants with Chilling Resistance Desaturation of Fatty Acids Improved Crop Productivity Improved Harvest Index Higher Biomass Production using Bacterial Hemoglobin Gene vhb Transgenic Plants for Hybrid Seed Production Improved Nutritional Quality Some Transgenic Plants Produced for Functional Food and Neutraceuticals Transgenic Plants for Oil Production Rapeseed and ther Oil Crops Proportion of Desired Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Pufas By Products From Oil Seed Crops Improvement of other Oil Seed Crops Altered Fatty Acid Composition in Brassica and Soybean Seed Oil Lysine Rich Transgenic Crops Canola and Soybean Crops Rich in Vitamin a Golden Rice and Golden Mustard Transgenic Crops Fortified with Iron Transgenic Plants Suitable for Transport and Long Shelf Life Transgenic Plants for Floriculture Transgenic Crops in India Transgenic Lines in Advanced Stage of Development or Field Testing in India

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