Physical Delivery Method, Mediated Gene Transfer, Agrobacterium, Endocytosis Plasmids, Liposomes, Electroporation, Microinjection, Endocytosis

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Gene Transfer Methods in Plants Gene Transfer Methods in Plants Introduction Target Cells for Transformation Theoretical Routes for Production of Transgenic Plants Vectors of Gene Transfer Vectors based on Ti and Ri Plasmids of Agrobacterium Structure and Function of Ti and Ri Plasmids Selectable Marker Genes in Vectors Used for Gene Transfer T-DNA Transfer Process Vectors based on Ti and Ri Plasmids Virus Vectors Transformation Techniques Using Agrobacterium Prerequisites for Production of Transgenic Plants Explants Used for Transformation Marker Genes for Selection and Scoring of Tranformed Cells/Calli or Shoots Reporter Genes Used as Scoreable Markers and their Enzyme Assays Neomycin Phosphotransferase Gene (nptII) Chloramphenicol Acetyl Transferase Gene (cat)

Home >> Plant Biotechnology and Genomics >> Gene Transfer Methods in Plants >>Physical Delivery Methods or DNA Mediated Gene Transfer (DMGT)

Physical Delivery Methods or DNA Mediated Gene Transfer (DMGT)
Agrobacteriummediated gene transfer has been the most commonly used method of gene transfer in plants but the cereals, comprising the most important food crops, were initially not amenable to this method of gene transfer. Further, in many crops including cereals and legumes, initially the tissue culture techniques for regeneration were also not very successful. These two limitations forced intensive search for alternative methods for gene transfer. Physical delivery of DNA or DNA mediated gene transfer (DMGT), as it is often described, emplyos methods, which can be grouped according to the type of target cell. For instance, chemically stimulated endocytosis of plasmids or that of DNA-loaded liposomes, and electroporation were employed for delivery of DNA to protoplasts only.

On the other hand, techniques like microinjection, macroinjection and shooting with microprojectiles could be used with a variety of explants (e.g. immature embryos, organ meristems, gametes, zygotes, etc.). These latter techniques achieved significance, because regeneration of transformed plants from protoplast derived tissues was initially difficult in many species particularly in cereals (although encouraging results were later obtained in case of maize, rice, wheat, oats etc.)

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β-Glucuronidase (GUS)Gene (uidA) Luciferase Gene (lux) Green Fluorescent Protein Gene Phosphomannose Isomerase Gene (pmi) Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation in Monocots Agroinfection and Gene Transfer Physical Delivery or DNA Mediated Gene Transfer (DMGT) Chemically Stimulated DNA Uptake by Protoplasts Microinjection and Macroinjection Microprojectiles for Gene Transfer Electroporation Method for Gene Transfer Liposome Mediated Gene Transfer Calcium Phosphate Precipitation Method Transformation Using Pollen or Pollen Tube Incubation of Dry Seeds,Embryos,Tissues or Cell in DNA Transformation by Ultrasonication Removal of Selectable Marker Gene from Transgenic Plants Need for Removal of Selectable Marker Gene Genetic Systems Used for Removal of Marker Gene Examples of North American Plant Transformation Facilities Plant Transformation Facilities (PTFs)