Gene Transfer Methods, Embryo Stem Cells, Vitro Fertilization, Manipulation Ovule, Zygote, Embryo, Protoplasts, Transgenic Plants, Enormous Diversity

Scholarships Dictionary Visa Details Study Abroad Exam Results Online Test Jobs

	Home
Gene Transfer Methods in Plants Gene Transfer Methods in Plants Introduction Target Cells for Transformation Theoretical Routes for Production of Transgenic Plants Vectors of Gene Transfer Vectors based on Ti and Ri Plasmids of Agrobacterium Structure and Function of Ti and Ri Plasmids Selectable Marker Genes in Vectors Used for Gene Transfer T-DNA Transfer Process Vectors based on Ti and Ri Plasmids Virus Vectors Transformation Techniques Using Agrobacterium Prerequisites for Production of Transgenic Plants Explants Used for Transformation Marker Genes for Selection and Scoring of Tranformed Cells/Calli or Shoots Reporter Genes Used as Scoreable Markers and their Enzyme Assays Neomycin Phosphotransferase Gene (nptII) Chloramphenicol Acetyl Transferase Gene (cat)

Home >> Plant Biotechnology and Genomics >> Gene Transfer Methods in Plants >>Gene Transfer Methods in Plants

Gene Transfer Methods in Plants
In Chapter 20, we discussed in some detail the methods used for gene transfer in animals, particularly mammals. For production of transgenic animals, DNA is usually microinjected into pronuclei of embryonic cells at a very early stage after fertilization, or alternatively gene targeting of embryo stem (ES) cells is employed. This is possible in animals due to the availability of specialized in vitro fertilization technology, which allows manipulation of ovule, zygote or early embryo. Such techniques are not available in plants. In contrast to this, in higher plants, cells or protoplasts can be cultured and used for regeneration of whole plants.

Therefore, these protoplasts can be used for gene transfer followed by regeneration leading to the production of transgenic plants. Besides cultured cells and protoplasts, other meristem cells (immature embryos or organs), pollen or zygotes can also be used for gene transfer in plants. The enormous diversity of a plant species for its response to gene transfer techniques and the availability of diverse genotypes in each species, made it necessary to develop a variety of techniques, suiting different situations. These different methods of gene transfer in plants will be discussed in this chapter.

	Home
β-Glucuronidase (GUS)Gene (uidA) Luciferase Gene (lux) Green Fluorescent Protein Gene Phosphomannose Isomerase Gene (pmi) Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation in Monocots Agroinfection and Gene Transfer Physical Delivery or DNA Mediated Gene Transfer (DMGT) Chemically Stimulated DNA Uptake by Protoplasts Microinjection and Macroinjection Microprojectiles for Gene Transfer Electroporation Method for Gene Transfer Liposome Mediated Gene Transfer Calcium Phosphate Precipitation Method Transformation Using Pollen or Pollen Tube Incubation of Dry Seeds,Embryos,Tissues or Cell in DNA Transformation by Ultrasonication Removal of Selectable Marker Gene from Transgenic Plants Need for Removal of Selectable Marker Gene Genetic Systems Used for Removal of Marker Gene Examples of North American Plant Transformation Facilities Plant Transformation Facilities (PTFs)