Study of Phylogenetic Relationships using Molecular Markers, Phylogenetic, rRNA genes, Angiosperms, Mitochondrial

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Study of phylogenetic relationships using molecular markers
In recent years, the techniques of molecular biology have been extensively utilized for revealing phylogenetic relationships. For instance sequences of small DNA segments (e.g. 5S rRNA genes, genes for SSU of rubisco) have been used for suggesting phylogenetic relationships in Angiosperms. Similarly, nuclear RFLPs RAPDs, SSRs and AFLPs (not so much those for mitochondrial or chloroplast DNA) have proved useful for the study of phylogenetic relationships in several groups of plant species including the genera Triticum, Oryza, A vena. Hordeum, Brassica. Lens (lentils), Glycine (soybean) and Solanum.

Used for Phylogenetic relationships

Used for Phylogenetic relationships

In order to establish phylogenetic relationship among different species of a genus, data on a number of molecular markers are first collected. Fragments on Southern blots, or AFLP gels are numbered I to nand a distance matrix is computed using presence or absence of these fragments in different species. It will be seen in that in four genotypes, not all fragments are informative. In two genotypes of a pair, number of fragments for which two genotypes differ are worked out (Bij) and divided by the total number of fragments present in at least one of the two genotypes (Mij).From these estimates, distance (Dij)between the two genotypes is calculated as follows: Dij = Bij/Mij.This gives a distance matrix. This information is then used for computer analysis of the data and phylogenetic trees depicting phylogenetic relationships can be prepared.

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Study of Phylogenetic Relationships using Molecular Markers Identification of Somatic Hybrids Molecular Cytogenetic Maps using Cytogenetic Stocks Molecular Physical Maps Genome-wide Physical Maps using Large Insert YACs,BACs and BIBACs Intergrated Physical Map of Arabidopsis Thaliana Genomic-wide Physical Map in Indica Rice Physical Map of Maize Physical Maps in Barley Physical Maps Using in Situ Hybridization (ISH) Molecular Maps in Yeast and Other Fungi Physical Sizes of Chromosomes that were Separated by PFGE,in Budding Yeast and Aspergillus Nidutans Comparative Genomics and Collinearity/Synteny in Maps Microcollinearity in DNA Sequences of Small Genomic Regions Large Genomic Fragements Sequenced in Some Cereal Species Molecular Transcripr (EST) Maps Genomics for Evolutionary Studies