Polymorphic Markers and Genotyping the Maping Population, Detecting Polymorphism, Allelic symbols, Genotypes, Molecular markers

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Construction of Molecular Maps and Synteny (Collinearity) Construction of Molecular Maps and Synteny (Collinearity) Introduction Preparation of Genetic Maps Mapping Populations and near Isogenic Lines (NILs) Different Molecular Marker Systems Polymorphic Markers and Genotyping the Maping Population Preparation of Map Using the Software Mapmaker Molecular Genetic Maps (Low/Moderate Density) Details of Molecular Maps in Some Crops Maps for Cereals Millets and Sugarcane Maps in Legumes ( Soybean, Pea, Common, Bean,Alfalfa,Chickpea,Lentil) Maps in Brassicsa Maps in Cotton Maps for Sunflower Maps for Solanaceous Crops Maps for Forest Trees and Fruit Trees Molecular Genetics Maps (High Density) Integrated Genetic Maps Resolution Gap Differs in Maps with Genomes of Different Sizes Uses of Molecular Genetic Maps Mapping of Major Genes of Economic Value Using Moecular Markers Use of Near Isogenic Lines (NILs) for Gene Tagging Some Examples of Initial RELP Linked Mapping of Major Genes of Economic Value in Some Crops Identification and Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) using Molecular Markers Simple Interval Mapping (SIM) Marker Aided Selection (MAS) in Plant Breeding Identification of Breeding Lines and Varieties using Markers Characterization of Genetic Resources and Estimation of Genetic Diversity using Markers

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Polymorphic markers and genotyping the mapping population
Before molecular markers are mapped, they need to be tested for detecting polymorphism between the two parents of the mapping population. For further mapping work, only those markers are used, which exhibit polymorphism between the parents of mapping population, since markers Showing no polymorphism can not be mapped genetically (although they can be mapped physically; see later for physical maps). The two polymorphic states of the marker recorded in two parents are given allelic symbols or 1 and 0 (zero) states, and all individuals lines (~100) of the mapping population are genotyped (assigned specific allele or I/0 state).

For codominant markers, like RFLPs, if mapping population belongs to F2 generation, there will be three genotypes (AA, aa, Aa), which can be scored as 0, 1 and 2 to be used with the computer software. The data on genotyping of the mapping population, involving molecular markers ranging in number from a few hundred to few thousand, is then used for the preparation of a genetic map, which is based on recombination frequencies that are automatically worked out by the software and utilized in a mapping function for determining genetic distances.

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