Maps for Forest Trees and Fruit Trees, Angiosperms, Forestry, Gymnosperm, Pinus radita, Slash pine, Martime pine, Larixa deciduas

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Maps for forest trees and fruit trees
Molecular maps have also been prepared in several tree species that are important for forestry. These tree species include species from both gymnosperms and angiosperms. The gymnosperm trees that have been used for genome mapping mainly include a number of pines {e.g., loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), radiatapine (Pinus radiata), slash pine (Pinus eliottii), longleaf pines (Pinus palustris), martime pine (Pinus pinaster), scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)}, at least two spruces {white sprue (Picea glauca) and Norway spruce (Picea abies)} and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Similarly, angiosperm trees, whose genomes have been mapped include European larch (Larixa deciduas), white birch (Betula alba), poplar (Populus sp), and several species of Eucalyptus and Quercus (oaks). A variety of DNA-based molecular markers that have been used for preparing these maps include RFLPs, RAPDs, AP-PCR, DAF, STS, SSLPs, ESTPs, SCARs, etc.

Among fruit trees, genomes of apple (Pyrus malus, syn. Malus sylvestris), apricot (Prunus armeniaca), peach (Prunus persica), lemon (Cirus sp.), avocado (persea americana), etc. have been subjected to molecular mapping. In some cases (particularly in case of apple), permanent mapping populations have been established for mapping. As in other cases, the molecular markers that have been used for mapping of fruit trees include RFLPs, RAPDs, SSRs and AFLPs. In both, forest trees and fruit trees, the mapped molecular markers are being used for gene tagging and QTL analysis, so that in forest and fruit trees also, molecular markers will be utilized in future for marker assisted selection and gene isolation.

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