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Home >> Plant Biotechnology and Genomics >>Construction of Molecular Maps and Synteny (Collinearity) >>Maps for Cereals Millets and Sugarcane

Maps for cereals, millets and sugarcane (grass family)
Molecular maps have been prepared in all major cereals, millets and other graminaceous crops including maize, bread wheat, emmer wheat, oats, barley, rice. sorghum, pearl millet, sugarcane, etc. The most extensive maps among cereal genomes, however, are available in case of rice, which has become a model for all graminaceous crops and has therefore been the first food crop to be used for genomics research (due to its small genome size of 430 Mb). As many as about 2300 marker loci spanning a genetic distance of 1800 cM, have been mapped in this crop.

Sorghum is another important crop that has been targeted for plant genomics research, because it is adapted to harsh environments, and is represented by diverse germplasm and a small genome (750 Mbp). In this crop about ten molecular genetic maps with moderate density of RFLP and SSR markers spreading over a genetic distance of up to ~ 1800 cM were prepared during 1990s (for" high density maps in rice and sorghum, see next section). In bread wheat, RFLP maps were initially prepared by joint efforts of different laboratories, which were co-ordinated by the International Triticeae Mapping - Initiative (ITMI). Subsequently, micro satellite (SSR) maps in bread wheat were also prepared by several laboratories in different parts of the world.

Molecular maps with low to moderate density were also prepared in barley, rye, oats, pearl millet, sugarcane, etc. For instance, barley genetic maps were prepared independently in Europe and USA. An SSR map of barley was also prepared in the year 2000, using 242 of more than 600 SSR primers that were available in the public domain at that time. Molecular maps based on RFLPs and AFLPs have also been prepared for diploid and hexaploid oats. In sugarcane, both cultivated and wild species of Saccharumwere used for preparation of molecular maps involving RFLPs and RAPDs. Detailed information on majority of cereal molecular maps is available on GrainGene and Gramene sites, although web sites are also available for individual crops (e.g. for maize, maizeDB:<www.agron.missouri.edu> and for sorghum, <http://sorghumgenome.tamu.edu>).

 

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