Identification of Breeding Lines and Varieties using Markers, DNA fingerprinting, Minisatellites, Genotypes, Human beings

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Your Ad Here	Identification of breeding lines and varieties using markers It has been demonstrated that even closely related individuals of some species (e.g. humans) can be distinguished using DNA fingerprinting. Molecular markers like SSRs and AFLPs, that are equivalent in resolution to minisatellites or VNTRs of human beings have now become available in plants, so that genotypes specific RFLP/SSR/AFLP patterns have been detected and used for the identification of breeding lines and varieties and also for the characterization of plant genetic resources (PGRs).
Any character used for variety identification needs to fulfill the following basic criteria: (i) distinguishable intervarietal variation. (ii) minimal intravarietal variation. (iii) environmental stability and (iv) experimental reproducibility (in cases of biochemical or molecular markers). These requirements are met in most of the cases where molecular markers have been identified for the detection of varieties. Hundreds of cases in dozens of crops were reported during 1990-2003. where molecular markers proved to be useful for identification of varieties and crop genetic resources. The genotype specific patterns have already been detected and their use for distinguishing varieties has been suggested in crops like maize, wheat, oats, barley, rice, oilseed, lettuce, soybean and potato. An exception, however, may be tomato where intervarietal differences were rare. In rice, cultivar specific DNA fingerprints were also obtained when a human mini satellite DNA probe was used
However, the limitations for the practical use of molecular markers for variety identification include the following: (i) use of radioactive isotope is inconvenient, (ii) the technique is expensive, and (iii) the technique is labour intensive. As already discussed, non-radioactive labelling (biotin and digoxigenin) has already become possible for use of molecular probes. Similarly, automation (use of automatic equipments, reducing dependence on labour) and standardization of the technique will make it less expensive and less labour intensive, so that DNA fingerprinting using molecular markers will develop into a valuable and reliable varietal diagnostic tool.

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