Genomics for Evolutionary Studies, Phylogenetic trees, rRNA genes, rDNA genes, Sophisticated computer, Parsimonious trees

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Construction of Molecular Maps and Synteny (Collinearity) Construction of Molecular Maps and Synteny (Collinearity) Introduction Preparation of Genetic Maps Mapping Populations and near Isogenic Lines (NILs) Different Molecular Marker Systems Polymorphic Markers and Genotyping the Maping Population Preparation of Map Using the Software Mapmaker Molecular Genetic Maps (Low/Moderate Density) Details of Molecular Maps in Some Crops Maps for Cereals Millets and Sugarcane Maps in Legumes ( Soybean, Pea, Common, Bean,Alfalfa,Chickpea,Lentil) Maps in Brassicsa Maps in Cotton Maps for Sunflower Maps for Solanaceous Crops Maps for Forest Trees and Fruit Trees Molecular Genetics Maps (High Density) Integrated Genetic Maps Resolution Gap Differs in Maps with Genomes of Different Sizes Uses of Molecular Genetic Maps Mapping of Major Genes of Economic Value Using Moecular Markers Use of Near Isogenic Lines (NILs) for Gene Tagging Some Examples of Initial RELP Linked Mapping of Major Genes of Economic Value in Some Crops Identification and Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) using Molecular Markers Simple Interval Mapping (SIM) Marker Aided Selection (MAS) in Plant Breeding Identification of Breeding Lines and Varieties using Markers Characterization of Genetic Resources and Estimation of Genetic Diversity using Markers

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Genomics for Evolutionary Studies
DNA sequences have also been utilized for evolutionary studies, where phylogenetic trees could be prepared on the basis of similarities between sequences of individual genes like 5S rRNA genes, 18S rDNA genes, rbcL and several other genes. Already by 1980s, large sequence data and sophisticated computer based analytical tools had become available for this purpose for redrawing the phylogenetic tree of life. However, in most of these earlier studies, sequences of one or two genes were utilized at a time, and the sequences of individual genes like 185 rDNA and rbcLgene did not find the most parsimonious trees.

Therefore, in a study conducted in 1999, DNA sequences of plastid genes rbcLand atpB and the nuclear gene for 18S rRNA of 560 species of angiosperms and seven non-flowering plants were utilized together for preparing a well-resolved phylogenetic tree. Similarly, a study of DNA sequences of five mitochondrial, plastid and nuclear genes (atpl, matR, atpB rbcL, 18S rDNA) of 105 species belonging to 103 genera and 63 families suggested that Amborella,Nymphaeales and illicales- Trimeniaceae- Austrobaileyarepresent the first stage of Angiosperm evolution, with Amborellabeing sister to all other angiosperms. Almost the same conclusions were also drawn through a study of duplicate phytochrome genes, PHYA and PHYC.

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Study of Phylogenetic Relationships using Molecular Markers Identification of Somatic Hybrids Molecular Cytogenetic Maps using Cytogenetic Stocks Molecular Physical Maps Genome-wide Physical Maps using Large Insert YACs,BACs and BIBACs Intergrated Physical Map of Arabidopsis Thaliana Genomic-wide Physical Map in Indica Rice Physical Map of Maize Physical Maps in Barley Physical Maps Using in Situ Hybridization (ISH) Molecular Maps in Yeast and Other Fungi Physical Sizes of Chromosomes that were Separated by PFGE,in Budding Yeast and Aspergillus Nidutans Comparative Genomics and Collinearity/Synteny in Maps Microcollinearity in DNA Sequences of Small Genomic Regions Large Genomic Fragements Sequenced in Some Cereal Species Molecular Transcripr (EST) Maps Genomics for Evolutionary Studies

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