Characterization of Genetic Resources and Estimation of Genetic Diversity using Markers, Genetic resources, Biochemical

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Construction of Molecular Maps and Synteny (Collinearity) Construction of Molecular Maps and Synteny (Collinearity) Introduction Preparation of Genetic Maps Mapping Populations and near Isogenic Lines (NILs) Different Molecular Marker Systems Polymorphic Markers and Genotyping the Maping Population Preparation of Map Using the Software Mapmaker Molecular Genetic Maps (Low/Moderate Density) Details of Molecular Maps in Some Crops Maps for Cereals Millets and Sugarcane Maps in Legumes ( Soybean, Pea, Common, Bean,Alfalfa,Chickpea,Lentil) Maps in Brassicsa Maps in Cotton Maps for Sunflower Maps for Solanaceous Crops Maps for Forest Trees and Fruit Trees Molecular Genetics Maps (High Density) Integrated Genetic Maps Resolution Gap Differs in Maps with Genomes of Different Sizes Uses of Molecular Genetic Maps Mapping of Major Genes of Economic Value Using Moecular Markers Use of Near Isogenic Lines (NILs) for Gene Tagging Some Examples of Initial RELP Linked Mapping of Major Genes of Economic Value in Some Crops Identification and Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) using Molecular Markers Simple Interval Mapping (SIM) Marker Aided Selection (MAS) in Plant Breeding Identification of Breeding Lines and Varieties using Markers Characterization of Genetic Resources and Estimation of Genetic Diversity using Markers

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Characterization of genetic resources and estimation of genetic diversity using markers
Characterization of genetic resources becomes prohibitive due to limitation of time and resources, particularly when large collections are being' evaluated. The collection may also have duplications, which should be eliminated and a well characterized core collection should be prepared. Such core collections (5-10% of large collections) may be characterized using biochemical and molecular markers in addition to morphological and agronomic traits. These biochemical and molecular markers may be used to assess genetic diversity within and among accessions and to monitor changes during maintenance and regeneration of genetic stocks (for a discussion on biodiversity).

Work on DNA fingerprinting for characterization, conservation and maintenance of plant genetic resources is being undertaken in India at NFPTCR (National Facility for Plant Tissue Culture Repository), New Delhi and at CDPO (Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics), Hyderabad.

In the form of biochemical markers, isozymes have been used, but their use is limited due to lack of polymorphism and a small number of loci and alleles available for analysis. The use of molecular markers for characterization overcomes this limitation, since they provide substantial polymorphism and they can be unlimited in number. The only disadvantage of using molecular markers for characterization of genetic resources is the cost of material and labour which may gradually go down. Developments of more efficient PCR based markers will make the use of molecular markers more convenient and more economic.

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Study of Phylogenetic Relationships using Molecular Markers Identification of Somatic Hybrids Molecular Cytogenetic Maps using Cytogenetic Stocks Molecular Physical Maps Genome-wide Physical Maps using Large Insert YACs,BACs and BIBACs Intergrated Physical Map of Arabidopsis Thaliana Genomic-wide Physical Map in Indica Rice Physical Map of Maize Physical Maps in Barley Physical Maps Using in Situ Hybridization (ISH) Molecular Maps in Yeast and Other Fungi Physical Sizes of Chromosomes that were Separated by PFGE,in Budding Yeast and Aspergillus Nidutans Comparative Genomics and Collinearity/Synteny in Maps Microcollinearity in DNA Sequences of Small Genomic Regions Large Genomic Fragements Sequenced in Some Cereal Species Molecular Transcripr (EST) Maps Genomics for Evolutionary Studies