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  Home >> Molecular Biology Dictionary >> Liposome - Lod Score


Liposome

A microscopic artificial membrane vesicle consisting of a spherical phospholipid bilayer. Liposomes can be incorporated into living cells and used to transport relatively toxic drugs into diseased cells, where they can exert their maximum effect. DNA molecules may be entrapped in, or bound to the surface of, the vesicles, and subsequent fusion of the liposome with the cell membrane will deliver the DNA into the cell. Liposomes have been used to develop an efficient transfection procedure for Streptomyces bacteria.

Liquid media
Media without a solidifying agent.

Liquid membranes.
Thin films made up of liquids (as opposed  o solids) which are stable in another liquid (usually water). Thus the liquid must not dissolve in the water, but nevertheless must be prevented from collapsing into a lot of small droplets.

Liquid nitrogen
Nitrogen gas condensed to a liquid with a boiling point of about 196°C. Very commonly the medium in which containers of genetic material are stored. See cryopreservation.

Live vaccine
A living, non-virulent form of a micro-organism or virus that is used to elicit an antibody response that will protect the inoculated organism against infection by a virulent form of the micro-organism or virus. Also a living, non-virulent micro­organism or virus that express a foreign antigenic protein and is used to inoculate humans or animals. The latter organisms are also called a live recombinant vaccines.

Locus
(pI: loci) A site on a chromosome.

Lod score
The logarithm of the odds of linkage between two loci. Calculated from pedigree data, as the log (to base 10) of the ratio of the probability of the observed pedigree assuming linkage with a specified recombination fraction q, to the probability of the observed pedigree' assuming no linkage, i.e., recombination fraction = 0.5. A lod score (also called a z value) is thus calculated as z = logl0 {Prob(data I q)/Prob(data 10.5)}. A lod score of +3.00 (which is odds of 1000:1) or greater is regarded as acceptable evidence for linkage; -2.00 (which is the log of 1:100) or less indicates that no linkage exists.
log phase See logarithmic phase.

Logarithmic phase
(log(arithmic) or exponential growth phase) The steepest slope of the growth curve; the phase of vigorous growth, during which cell number doubles every 20-30 minutes. See growth phases.

 

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