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  Home >> Molecular Biology Dictionary >> Genetic Information - Genomic Blot

Genetic information
Information contained in a nucleotide base sequence in chromosomal DNA or RNA.

Genetic linkage
See linkage map; linkage.

Genetic map
The linear array of genes on a chromosome, based on recombination frequencies (linkage map) or physical location (physical or chromosomal map). See mapping.

Genetic selection
The process of selecting genes, cells, clones, etc., within populations or between populations or species. Genetic selection usually results in differential success rates of different genotypes, reflecting many variables, including selection pressure and genetic variability in populations.

Genetic mapping
Determining the linear order of genes and/or DNA markers along a chromosome. a.k.a. mapping.

Genetic marker
A DNA sequence used to "mark" or track a particular location (locus) on a particular chromosome. cf marker gene.

Genetic polymorphism
See polymorphism.

Genetic resources conservation
See gene conservation.

Genetics
The science of heredity and variation.

Genetic transformation
The transfer of extracellular DNA among and between species by using bacterial or viral vectors.

Genomic
DNA library; genomic library A collection of clones containing the genomic DNA sequences of an organism. Typically, these molecules are propagated in bacteria or phage. The library is an important tool used in the process of isolating genes. See library.

Genetic variation
Differences between individuals attributable to differences in genotypes.

Gene tracking
Following the inheritance of a particular gene form generation to generation.

Gene translocation
The movement of a gene from one chromosomal location to another.

Genomic blot
A type of Southern blot specifically used to analyze a mixture of DNA fragments derived from total genomic DNA. Because genomic DNA is very complicated, when it has been digested with restriction enzymes, it produces a complex set of fragments ranging from tens of bp to tens of thousands of bp. However, any specific gene will be reproducibly found on only one or a few specific fragments. A million identical cells will produce a million identical restriction fragments for any given gene, so probing agenomic Southern with a gene specific probe will produce a pattern of perhaps one or just a few bands.

Genome
1. The entire complement of genetic material (genes + non-coding sequences) present in each cell of an organism, or in a virus or organelle. 2. A complete set of chromosome (hence of genes) inherited as a (haploid) unit from one parent. 3. The total DNA contained in each cell of an organism. Mammalian genomic DNA (including that of humans) contains 6x109 base pairs of DNA per diploid cell. There are somewhere in the order of a hundred thousand genes, including coding regions, 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions, introns, 5’ and 3’ flanking DNA. Also present in the genome are structural segments such as telomeric and centromeric DNAs and replication origins, and intergenic DNA.

 

 

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