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  Home >> Molecular Biology Dictionary >> Double Stranded Complementary DNA dscDNA - Duplication

Double-stranded complementary DNA (dscDNA)
A double-strand DNA molecule created from a cDNA template. doubling time See generation time
Downstream
(1) In molecular biology, the stretch of nucleotides of DNA that lib in the 3' direction from the site of initiation of transcription, which is designated as +1 (remembering the convention that Ie sequence of a DNA molecule is written from the 5' end to the 3' end).

Downstream nucleotides are marked with plus signs, e.g., +2, +10. Also, to the 3' side of a particular gene or sequence of nucleotides.
2. In chemical engineering, those phases of a manufacturing process that follow the biotransformation stage. Usually refers to the recovery and purification of the product of a fermentation process. See downstream processing
Downstream processing

 

A general term for all the things which happen in a biotechnological process after the biology, be it fermentation of a micro-organism or growth of a plant. It is particulary relevant to fermentation processes, which produce a large quantity of a dilute mixture of substances, products and micro-organisms. These must be separated, and the product must be concentrated and purified, and converted into a form which is useful. See downstream
Drift
See genetic drift.

Drawing
A deformation technique used to fabricate metal wire and tubing. Deformation is accomplished by pulling the material through a die by means of a tensile force applied on the exit side.

Drug
See therapeutic agent
Drug delivery
Method by which a therapeutic agent is delivered of action. For traditional therapeutic agents this i: name for formulation. However, biotechnology has the development of a .range of new therapeutic-agents systems, such as liposomes and other encapsulation techniques, and a range of mechanisms that target a therapeutic a particular cell or tissue. See therapeutic agent.

Dry weight
The moisture-free weight of tissue obtained by drying (oven-drying) or low (freeze-drying) temperatures interval sufficient to remove all water.

Dual culture
A culture made of a plant tissue and one organism a nematode) or an obligate parasite/micro-organism (such as a fungus). Dual culture techniques are used for a variety of purposes, including assessing host-parasite interact the production of axenic cultures.

Duplex
DNA Double-stranded DNA.

Duplication
The occurrence of a segment more than once in the same chromosome or genome.

 

 

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