Chitinase
An enzyme which breaks down chitin.
Chloramphenicol An antibiotic that interferes with protein synthesis.

Chlorenchyma
(Gr. chloros, gree+enchyma, a suffix meaning tissue) Tissue containing chloroplasts, including leaf mesophyll and other parenchyma cells.

Chloroplastid
See chloroplast.

Chlorosis
(Gr. chloros, green + osis, diseased state) Failure of chlorophyll development, and appearance  of  yellow colour in plants, because of a nutritional disturbance or because of an infection by a virus, bacteria or fungus

Chromatid
(Chromosome +id, L. suffix meaning” daughters of”) Each of the two daughter strands comprising a duplicated chromosome. The term remains in use while the two chromatids are still joined at the centromere. As soon as the centromere divides, setting the two chromatids adrift (during anaphase of mitosis; and during anaphase II of meiosis), they are called chromosomes

Chromatin
(Gr. chroma, colour) Substance of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed. It consists of primarily DNAm with some proteins (mainly histones), and small amounts of RNA. Originally named because of the readiness with which it stains with certain dyes (chromaticity)

Chromatin fibres
A basic organizational unit of eukaryotic chromosomes, consisting of DNA and associated proteins assembled into strands of 30nm average diameter.

Chromocentre
Body produced by fusion of the heterochromatic regions of the chromosomes in the polytene tissues (e.g,  the salivary glands) of certain Diptera.

Chromogenic substrate
A compound or substance that contains a colour-forming group.

Chromomeres
Small bodies, described by J. Belling, that are identified by their characterstic size and linear arrangement along a chromosome.

Chromoplast
Plastid containing pigments, such a chloroplast, or one in which carotenoids predominate.

Chromosomal aberration
Any change in chromosome structure or number. Although it can be a mechanism for enhancing genetic diversity, such alternations are usually fatal or ill-adaptive, especially in animals