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  Home >> Molecular Biology Dictionary >> Cdna-cloning, Cell-fusion

cDNA cloning
A method of cloning the coding sequence of a gene, starting with its mRNA transcript. It is normally used to clone a DNA copy of a eukaryotic mRNA. The cDNA copy, being a copy of a mature messenger molecule, will not contain any introns sequences and may be readily expressed in any host organism if attached to a attached to a suitable promoter sequence within the cloning vector

cDNA library
A collection of cDNA clones that were generated in vitro from the mRNA sequences isolated from an organism or a specific tissue or cell type or population of an organism. Cf library.

CDR (complementarity-determining regions)
These are regions of the variable (V) regions of light and heavy antibody chains that make contact with the antigen. The primary amino acid sequences of these regions are highly variable among antibodies of the same class.

Cell
A unit of varying dimension in a landfill which is isolated from the environment by 6 to 12 inches of soil cover. A cell is one day’s waste or less. A cell is covered with soil at the end of each day.

Cell (L. cella, small room)
The smallest structural unit of living matter capable of functioning independently; a microscopic mass of protoplasm surrounded by a semi-permeable members, usually including one or more nuclei and various non-living products, capable –either alone or by interacting with other cells-of performing all the fundamental functions of life.

Cell cycle
Sequence of stages that a cell passes through between one division and the next. The cell cycle oscillates between mitosis and interphase, which is divided into G,S, and G2. In the G phase there is a high rate of biosynthesis and growth; in the S phase there is the doubling of the DNA content as a consequence of chromosome replication; in the G2 phase the final preparations of cell division (cytokinesis) are made cell differentiation continuous loss of physiological and cytological characters of young cells, resulting in getting the characters of adult cells. The unspecialized cells become modified and specialized for the performance of specific functions. Differentiation results from the controlled activation and de-activation of genes

Cell division
Formation of two or more daughter cells from a single mother cell. The nucleus divides first, followed by the formation of a cell membrane between the daughter nuclei. Division of cytoplasm and nucleus into two or more parts by formation of a cell plate

Cell-free transcription
See in vitro transcription.

Cell fusion
Formation of a single hybrid cell from two cells of different species, cultured in vitro. The cells fuse and coalesce, but their nuclei may remain separated. During subsequent cell division, a single spindle is formed so that each daughter cell has a single nucleus containing sets of chromosomes from each parental line. Subsequent division often result in the loss of chromosomes and therefore of genes. The cell fusion technique can be used to determine the control of specific genes and their assignment to chromosomes. Cf cell hybridization

 

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