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  Home >> Molecular Biology Dictionary >> Antibody - Acrocentric

Ab
See antibody.

Abiotic environment
The part of an ecosystem that includes the nonliving surroundings.

Abiotic stress
The effect of non-living factors which can harm living organisms. These non-living factors include drought, extreme temperatures, pollutants, etc.

Ablation experiment
An experiment designed to produce an animal deficient in one or a few cell types, in order to study cell lineage or cell function. The idea is to make a transgenic mouse with a toxin gene (often diphtheria toxin) under control of a specialized promoter which activates only in the target cell type. When embryo development progresses to the point where it starts to form the target tissue, the toxin gene is activated, and that specific tissue dies. Other tissues are unaffected

Abscisic acid
A plant growth regulator involved in abscission, dormancy, stomatal opening/ closure, and inhibition of seed germination. It also affects the regulation of somatic cell embryogenesis in some plant species.

Abzyme
See catalytic antibody

Accessory bud
Lateral bud occurring at the base of a terminal bud or at the side of an axillary bud

Acclimatization
The adaptation of a living organism (plant, animal or micro­organism) to a changed environment that subjects it to physiological stress. Acclimatization should not be confused with adaptation (q.v.). cf acquired.

Acellular
Describing tissues or organisms that are not made up of separate cells but often have more than one nucleus. cf syncytium.

Acentric chromosome
Chromosome fragment lacking a centromere.

Acetyl co-enzyme A; acetyl CoA
A compound formed in the mitochondria when an acetyl group (CH3CO-) - derived from breakdown of fats, proteins, or carbohydrates - combines with the thiol group (-SH) of co­enzyme A.

Acquired
Developed in response to the environment, not inherited, such as a character trait (acquired characteristic) resulting from environmental effect(s). cf acclimatization.

Acridine dyes
A class of positively charged polycyclic molecules that intercalate into DNA and induce frameshift mutations.

Acrocentric
A chromosome that has its centromere near the end.

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