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  Home >> Molecular Biology Dictionary >> Extension - Exvitro

3' -extension
A short single-stranded nucleotide sequence on the 3' -hydroxyl end of a double-stranded DNA molecule. a.k.a. 3' protruding end; 3' sticky end; 3' overhang.

5' -extension
A short single-stranded nucleotide sequence on the 5' -hydroxyl end of a double-stranded DNA molecule. a.k.a. 5' protruding end; 5' sticky end; 5' overhang.

Extinct breed
In AnGR: A breed where it is no longer possible to recreate the breed population. Extinction is absolute when there are no breeding males (semen), breeding females (oocytes), nor embryos remaining

External guide sequence (EGS)   
See guide sequence.

Extinction
The irreversible condition of a species or other group of organisms of having no living representatives in the wild, which follows the death of the last surviving individual of that species or group. Extinction may occur on a local or global level; it can result from various human activities, including the destruction of habitats or the overexploitation of species that are hunted or harvested as a resource
Extrachromosomal
Things that are not part of the chromosomes; DNA units in the cytoplasm that control cytoplasmic inheritance.

Extrachromosomal inheritance
See cytoplasmic inheritance
Extrachromosomes
Self-replicative genetic elements separate from main chromosome(s) of a cell. This definition usually excludes viruses, but the division is somewhat arbitrary. In bacteria, plasmids are the principal extrachromosomes; they encode functions which are not essential to the growth and division of the host cell. In eukaryotes, extrachromosomes may be either essential or dispensable.

They may inhabit (i) the nucleus, e.g., extrachromosomal rDNA molecules, yeast 2mm plasmid; (ii) the cytosol, e.g., dsRNA molecules in fungi; or (iii) the cytoplasmic organelles, e.g., mitochondrial DNA, chloroplast DNA. Eukaryotic extrachromosomal elements may be, recognized genetically by their failure to show segregation at meiosis.

Exude
Slowly discharge; leak liquid material (exudate such as tannins or oxidized polyphenols) through pores or cuts, or by diffusion into the medium. In some woody plant species, exudation is      associated with a lethal browning of explants.

Ex vitro
(L. from glass) Organisms removed from tissue culture and transplanted; generally plants to soil or potting mixture.

ex vivo gene therapy The delivery of a gene or genes to the isolated cells of an individual. After culturing, the transformed cells are introduced back into the individual by transfusion, infusion or injection, to alleviate a genetic disorder.

 

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