Micro Organisms in Water, Essential Requirements, Micro Organisms Widely Occur Both in Fresh Water and Sea Water

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Your Ad Here	Micro-Organisms in Water Water is one of the naturally occurring essential requirements of all forms of life and it serves as the second natural medium for the growth of micro-organisms and is next to the soil. Micro-organisms widely occur both in fresh water and sea water and are called water-microflora. The nature and intensity of water-microflora is depend on the available nutrients, environment, physical factors and the presence of other organisms. The life-functionings of the micro-organisms present in the hydrosphere, i.e., aquatic environment directly affect our lives in various ways : influencing the health of human beings and other aquatic life. Besides, micro-organisms play a very significant role in aquatic food chain and in recycling of elements.
In water, micro-organisms occur from surface to greater depths. The various water sources such as ponds, pools, lakes, streams, rivers and oceans, show a great diversity in their microflora. A. Micro-organisms present in fresh water. Normally, the water of ponds, pools, lakes and rivers is known as fresh water wherein organic nutrients occur in lesser amounts. Thus, in fresh water the number of bacteria is very limited. Only a few species of Bacillus, Monococcus, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium are present in fresh waters. If there is abundance of decayed organic material in the bottom, however, some anaerobic bacteria like Clostridium may also occur.
B. Micro-organisms present in polluted water. Due to the presence of sewage and domestic and industrial wastes, the polluted water harbors maximum amount of organic materials that invite the luxuriant growth of variety of soil-microflora. Due to incomplete digestion of organic materials by these micro-organisms, various types of acids, bases, alcohols and gases are produced. Coliform bacteria and gram-negative non-spore forming bacilli are chief inhabitants of sewage. Besides, several non-coliform bacteria, such as species of Streptococcus, Proteus and Pseudomonas, may also occur in polluted water. Some soil-inhabiting saprophytic bacteria like Spirillum, Sarcina, Micrococcus, Bacillus and Spirochaetes also occur in sewage.	Your Ad Here
C. Micro-organisms present in sea water. The microbes which occur in sea water are usually halophilic and psychrophilic in nature because high concentrations of salts is present in sea water. Diatoms and dinoflagellates playa significant role in food chains of ocean. Majority of the microbes occur in littoral and coastal zones where there are nutrients in plenty. Normally, the number of microbes present increases with the depth of the sea, and their nature is influenced mainly by water temperature, salinity and pressure. A variety of bacterial and some microfungi, microalgae, actinomycetes and protozoans constitutes the microflora of sea water. The bacteria are usually motile gram-positive bacilli, but several photogenic bacteria also occur in sea water. The microfungi occurring in sea water include the species of Chytridium, Patersonia and Ophiobolus.

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