Growth of Plant Pathology, Specific Fungi, Berkeley, Northern Europe, Epiphytotic, Migration

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Growth of Plant Pathology

It has been shown during the early decades of nineteenth century that specific fungi can cause diseases of wheat (Prevost, 1807) and rye, and in 1854 A.J. Berkeley stated that the blight disease of potato in Northern Europe during 1840s was caused by a fungus. The blight disease of potato turned to epiphytotic form in the mid 1840s particularly in Ireland resulting in death and migration of great number of people and tragically dramatized the importance of plant diseases.

Extensive studies started and, finally, de Bary (1861, 1863) proved experimentally that the causal agent of blight of potato was a fungus which he named Phytophthora infestans. de Bery thus pioneered the scientific approach in the area of plant diseases and is rightly called the "Founder of Experimental Plant Pathology".

Burill (1878) for the first time showed that the fire blight disease of pears was caused by a bacterium, Erwinia amylovora. Infact, it was the discovery of phytopathogenic nature of bacteria. This achievement of Burill was established beyond any doubt with numerous and excellent contributions on the study of bacterial disease of plants by E.F. Smith from 1895 onwards.

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