Discovery of Viruses, Tobacco Crop, Adolf Mayer, Agricultural Experimental Station, Wageningen, Mosaic Like

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Your Ad Here	Discovery of Viruses The tobacco crop in Holland was struck by a severe disease around 1870. Adolf Mayer, Director of Agricultural Experimental Station, Wageningen, began his studies on this disease about 1880 and published his results in 1886. Mayer christened the disease as "MOSAIKKRANKHEIT" (mosaic-like), from the mosaic-like pattern on leaves of diseased plants and succeeded in reproducing the disease by infecting juice extracted from infected tobacco leaves onto healthy ones; he could not succeed in identifying the real agent that caused the disease. However, Mayer's contribution will always be remembered as he was the first person who put first step forward in the development of a new discipline later recognised as 'Virology'.
A later in the year 1892, D. Ivanowski first successfully experimentally demonstrated that the tobacco mosaic disease has been caused by agents which successfully passed the Chamberland-filter that retains even the smallest bacteria. It was an important clue, but contrary to his experimental result and despite his inability to isolate any bacterium, Ivanowski still maintained that either the 'pathogenic bacterium' somehow passed through the filter or a 'toxin' secreted by them passed through the filter and made the filtrate infectious.
Within six years after the experiments of Ivanowski, M. Beijerinck (1898) confirmed by repeating the same experiments and found that the tobacco mosaic disease was caused not be any pathogenic bacteria or toxin but rather by some new type of pathogenic agents which he called "contagium vivum fluidum" (infectious living fluid) and referred subsequently to it as a "virus" (poison). He also said that the viruses multiply only inside the living cell.	Your Ad Here

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