Discovery of Microscope, Fascinating Microbial, Roger Bacon, Jansen and Jansen, Galileo Galilei, Microscope

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Discovery of Microscope

The fascinating microbial world would have remained unknown had the microscope not been invented. It was Roger Bacon (1267) who developed a lens for the first time. Jansen and Jansen (1590), about 300 years later, first produced a crude type of microscope by placing two lenses together without any provision for focussing. Galileo Galilei (1610) prepared a microscope with a focussing device called 'occiale'.

Till then, the name 'microscope' had not been in use and it was first proposed by Faber (or Fabri) in 1625. However, the advent of such optical lens systems did not reveal the existence of microorganisms. It was not until the mid 17th century when further development of the optical lens systems to definite microscope permitted the visualization of microorganisms, that the great diversity of the microbial world began to be recognized.

Robert Hooke (1635-1703) made and used a compound microscope in the 1660s and described his fascinating explorations of the newly discovered universe of microscopic creatures in his classic "Micrographia" (1665). Although Hooke's highest magnifications were possibly enough to reveal bacteria, he apparently could not see them probably because he studied mainly opaque objects in the dry state by reflected light, conditions that are not optimal for observing bacteria. However, his pictures of "white moulds" (probably a Mucor species) are very informative and accurate

A. The microscope used by Robert Hooke.
B. Blue Mole Growing on the Surface of Leather

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