Tuberculosis,Mycobacterium,TB,Primary Infection,Phagocytosed,Macrophages,Hard Nodules,Air Droplets,Bacteria

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Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB), a disease still accounting for almost 1.5 million deaths per year throughout the world, is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Section 3.10.6). At one time, TB was rampant infections disease causing 1/7 of all deaths worldwide. Studies indicate that there exists a close association between TB and AIDS. Therefore, spread of AIDS among the people is resulting in dramatic increases in TB.

Human tuberculosis infections can be distinguished as primary and post primary (or reinfection).

Primary infection is the first infection which an individual acquires by inhalation of air-droplets and the bacteria are phagocytosed by macrophages inside the forming small, hard nodules called tubercles (the characteristics of tuberculosis). In individuals with low resistance post primary infection is quite apparent as the remaining bacteria which are not effectively controlled start further growth.

As a result, acute pulmonary infection takes place leading to the extensive destruction of lung tissue, spread of the pathogen to other parts of the body, and ultimately death.

Prevention and control of tuberculosis needs rapid specific therapy. In many countries, individuals particularly children are vaccinated with BCG (bacilla Calmette-Guerin) vaccine.

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