II. Bacterial, chlamydiol and rickettsial disease

Bacillus anthracis

Anthrax : respiratory distress, hemorrhage

Bioterrorism

Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptus

Brazilian purpuric fever; purulent conjunctivitis, fever, vomiting

Possible increase in virulence due to mutation

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis : cough, weight loss, lung lesions;  infection can spread to other organ systems

Immunosuppression, immunodeficiency

Neisseria meningitidis

Bacterial meningitis

Urbanization, breakdown or lack of local public health surveillance

Staphylococcus aureus

Abscesses, pneumonia, endo-carditis, toxic shock

Recognition in an epidemic situation, possibly mutation

Streptococcus pyogenes

Scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, toxic shock

Change in virulence of the bacteria; possibly mutation

Vibrio cholerae

Cholera : severe diarrhea, rapid dehydration

Poor sanitation and hygiene; possibly introduced via bilge water from cargo ships

Chlamydia trachomatis

Trachoma, genital infections, conjunctivitis, infant pneumonia

Increases sexual activity; changes in sanitation

III. Protozoan and fungal Disease

Candida

Candidiasis : fungal infections of the gastrointestinal tract, vagina, and oral cavity

Immunosuppression; medical management (catheters); antibiotic use

Cyptococcus

Meningtis; sometimes infections of the lungs, kidney, prostate, liver

Immunosuppression

Cryptosporidium

Cryptosporidiosis : infection of epithelial cells in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts

Development near watershed areas; immuno-suppression

Giardia lamblia

Giardiasis; infection of the upper small intestine, diarrhea, bloating

Inadequate control in some water supply systems; Immunosuppression; international travel

Plasmodium

Malaria

Urbanization; changing parasite biology; environmental changes; drug resistance

Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasmosis; fever lymphocytosis

Immunosuppression; increases in cats as pets

Pneumocystic carinii

Acute pneumonia

Immunosuppression