Algal Divisions Containing Microalgae, Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta, Chrysophyta, Ulothrix, Volvox, Spirogyra, Chlamydomonas, Chlorella Ulva, Pyrrophyta

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Algal Drvisions Containing Microalgae

Microalgae, the unicellular algal protists, generally occur in many algal divisions e.g. Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta, Chrsophyta, Pyrrophyta and Rhodophyta.

Chlorophyta

Microalgae of this large and diverse group of algal protistans are called green algae and are also mainly represented by fresh water species. They are alsofound in sea water and soil. All members contain chlorophyll a, b, β-carotene and exanthophylls.

The majority of these micro-organisms contain one chloroplast per cell; the chloroplast often contains centre of starche formation called ‘pyrenoid’. Reserve food material is starch. They reproduce by zoospores, fission and other asexual methods or by misogamous and heterogamous sexual methods.

Some important green microalgate are Chlamydomouas, Volvox, Desmids, Chlorella, Spirogyra, Ulothrix and Ulva

Thallus Organisation in Chlorophyta A. Ulothrix, B. Volvox, C. Spirogyra, D. Chlamydomonas, E. Chlorella, F. Ulva


A. Ulothrix	B. Volvox, C. Spirogyra	D. Chlamydomonas,E. Chlorella F. Ulva

Euglenophyta

This group consists of unicellular flagellate algal protists which are both fresh-water and marine forms. They are actively motile by means of flagella and reproduce by longitudinal binary fission. All members contain chlorophyll a. b. β-carotene and xanthophylls.

There is no cell wall and the reserve food material is paramylon and oil. Euglena is the most interesting genus which is representative of a group designated as animals by some zoologists but as plants by many botanists.

Chrysophyta

The group consists of diverse, non flagellate, unicellular, colonial or multicellular algal protists. Some have calcium containing hard cell walls while others, the distoms have a typical organic

Euglena	Diatoms

cell wall impregnated with silica. These possess chlorophyll a, c, -car6tene and xanthophylls. Reserve food material is chrysolaminarin, a complex carbohydrate. Important genera are: Vaucheria. Pinllularia. Navicula etc.

Pyrrophyta

This group is represented by the dinoflagellates (Fig. 6.16) which are primarily marine in their habitat. The motile cell of a dinoflagellate possesses two flagella which differ in structure and arrangement.

One is located in the transverse groove around the equator of the cell and the other extends away from the cell in the posterior direction. Dinoflagellates are generally unicellular and contain chlorophyll a, c, p-carotene and xanthophylls. Asexual reproduction is commonly by longitudinal binary fission

Dinoflagellates A. Gymnodinum, B. Goniaulex, and C. Ceratuim.


A. Gymnodinum	B. Goniaulex	C. Ceratuim

and the reserve food material is starch and oil. Some dinoflagellates are luminiscent. Important genera are: Ceratium, Gymnodinium and Gonyaulax; the Gonyaulax produces toxin blooms known as 'red tides' which kill some marine organisms.

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Rhodophyta

Some members of Rhodophyta are unicellular, microscopic algal protists. They possess chlorophyll a, d, β-carotene and xanthophylls.

Their reserve food material is starch.

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