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  Home >> Inorganic Chemistry Dictionary >> Oxidising agent oxidant - Oxygen absorbent

Osmotic pressure

the pressure required to stop osmosis from pure solvent into a solution. It can be expressed as P= MRT.

Oxidant

an oxidising agent. In rocket fuels, the oxidant has been the compound that provides the oxygen for combustion (e.g., liquid oxygen or hydrogen peroxide).

Oxidation

1. a chemical reaction that increases the oxygen content of a compound.

2. a chemical reaction in which a compound or radical loses electrons, that is in which the positive valence is increased.

Oxidation number

numerical charge on the ions of a element.

Oxidation state

the number of electrons to be added (or subtracted) from an atom in a combined state to convert it to elemental form. Also known as oxidation number.

Oxidative addition

describing a class of reactions involving direct addition to an element or multiple bond with increase in oxidation state, e.g., addition of CI2 to PCI3 to form PCI5

Oxidising acids

any acid that acts as an oxidising agent, e.g. HCI, HNO3, H2SO4 etc.

Oxidising agent

substances that carry out oxidation, e.g., MnO4 and Cr2O27 in acid oxidises Fe22+ to Fe3+ or C2O42 to CO2 and water.

Oxidising agent (oxidant)

refers to a substance that brings about oxidation in other substances. It achieves this by being itself reduced. Oxidising agents are having atoms with high oxidation numbers; that is the atoms have suffered electron loss. In oxidizing other substances, these atoms gain electrons.

Oxo

Prefix which indicates the presence of oxygen in a chemical compound.

Oxo acid

refers to an acid in which the acidic hydrogen atom(s) have been bound to oxygen atoms. Sulphuric acid is an example: the two acidic hydrogen have been on the OH groups bound to the sulphur.

Oxygen

a gaseous chemical element, symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight 15.9994; an essential element in cellular respiration and in combustion processes; the most abundant element in the earth’s crust, and about 20% of the air by volume.

Oxygen absorbent

any material that will absorb (dissolve) oxygen into its body without reacting with it. oxygen fluoride, OF2 obtained from F2 and dilute cold NaOH. Used as a strong oxidizing agent when sparked.

Oxygenate

to treat, infuse, or combine with oxygen.

Ozone

(trioxygen, O3), refers to an allotrope of oxygen which is prepared by passing oxygen through a silent electric discharge. Ozone is unstable and decomposes to oxygen on warming. It is found in the upper layers of the atmosphere, where it screens the Earth from harmful short-wave ultraviolet radiation.

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