students Logo
Home | Sitemap | Contact us | Search | Language
Left Right
  Home >> Inorganic Chemistry Dictionary >> Caramel, Carbonation

Candela
symbol: cd The SI base unit of luminous intensity, defined as the intensity (in the perpendicular direction) of the black-body radiation from a surface of 1 / 600 000 square metre at the temperature of freezing platinum and at a pressure of 101 325 pascal.

Carbon cycle
the circulation of carbon compounds in the environment, one of the major natural cycles of an element. Carbon dioxide in the air is used by green plants in photosynthesis (in which it is combined with water to form sugars and starches). Plants are eaten by animals which exhale carbon dioxide, or when plants and animals die, their remains decompose with the production of carbon dioxide. Some plants burned or converted to fossil fuels which are burned, again with the formation of carbon dioxide.

Capacity
a measurement used in ion exchange system, in chromatography, to express the absorption ability of the ion exchange materials

Caramel
the brown substance obtained by heating cane sugar or other carbohydrate materials. Its chemical nature is unknown, and its reactions vary with its method of preparation. It is soluble in water and is used as a colouring agent for food stuffs and drinks.

Carbene, R2C
Contains divalent, carbon atom. Produced by protolysis of Diazo alkanes.

Carbide
a binary compound of carbon with an element more electropositive than carbon; carbon-hydrogen compounds are excluded

Carbon dioxide, CO2
a colourless, odourless nonflammables gas formed when carbon burns in excess oxygen. It is also produced by respiration. Carbon dioxide is present in the atmosphere (0.03$ by volume) and is converted in plants to carbohydrates by photosynthesis.

Carbon
a group IV element to the II period of the Mendeleev Periodic Table of Elements, atomic number 6, atomic mass 12.01115, contains tow stable isotopes, 12C(98.9%) and 13C(1.1%). In 1961, 1/12 of the mass of an atom of 8C12 was adopted as the unified atomic mass unit by the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics and the International.

Carbon black
an amorphous form of carbon produced commercially by the thermal or oxidative decomposition of hydrocarbons and used principally in rubber goods, pigments, and printer’s ink.

Carbon monoxide
(CO), a colourless flammable toxic gas which is formed by the incomplete combustion of carbon. In the laboratory, it is made by dehydrating methanoic acid with concentrated sulphuric acid.

Carbonate
refers to a salt of carbonic acid. (containing the ion CO3)

Carbonic acid
H2CO3, a weak dibasic acid which gets formed in the dissolution of CO in water.


Carbonate minerals
a group of common rock forming minerals having the anion CO32- as the fundamental unit in their structure. The most important carbonate minerals are calcite, dolomite, and magnesite.

Carbonation
the solution of carbon dioxide in a liquid under pressure.

Left Right