Catalytic Diversity,Sequence Space,Amino Acid,Gene and Domain Swapping,Polypeptide,Biological Resource,Homology

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Protein and Enzymes Engineering Protein and Enzymes Engineering - Introduction Engineering of Macromolecules Basic Outline Protein Engineering vs Enzyme Engineering for a Biocatalyst Protein Engineering Rationale of Protein Enzyme Engineering Basic Assumptions for Protein Engineering Key Biocatalyst Properties that are Altered Through Protein Engineering Some Examples of Improved Kinetic Parameters of Enzymes Turnover Determined by k_cat Selectivity and Specificity Some Technologies Available for Enchancing Biocatalyst Characteristics Molecular Stability Catalytic Diversity Acquiring Knowledge for Protein Engineering Study of Protein Structure Three Dimensional Protein Modeling Perturbation Theory

Home >> Industrial and Microbial Biotechnology >> Protein and Enzymes Engineering >>Catalytic Diversity

Your Ad Here	Catalytic Diversity Estimates of plant, animal and microbial diversity are in the order of 10⁷ to 10⁸ species (10 to 100 million). On an average, 10⁴ to 10⁵ open reading frames (ORFs) are present in a genome, thus giving 10¹¹ to 10¹³ distinct functional sequences, many of them encoding enzymes. This number is substantially reduced by high homology between enzymes from related and unrelated organisms, but make the core biological resource, sometimes described as sequence space.
This sequence space has been used by nature to give a limited diversity as against the theoretical possibility of getting 20¹⁰⁰ polypeptides (a polypeptide of 100 amino acids using each of the 20 essential amino acids). Even from the limited diversity in nature, only a small proportion has been utilized, since only a limited number of species has been investigated, and even those studied are not readily accessible.
In view of the above, new methods have been developed to obtain a much wider range of enzymes outside the natural evolutionary boundaries. These methods include the following: (i) chemical, site-directed and random mutagenesis in the natural sequences; (ii) gene and domain swapping, DNA shuffling and other forms of combinatorial genomics.	Your Ad Here

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Methods for Protein Engineering Site Directed Mutagenesis in Vivo Gene Modification Through Oligonucleotide Synthesis Breeding a Better Catalyst Using Random Events Artificial Random Mutagenesis Random DNA Shuffing Using Recombination Combination of Structure Based and Envolutionary Approaches Multienzyme Systems bi and Polyfunctional Enzymes by Gene Fusion Chemical Modification of Enzymes Production of Site Specific Nucleases Production of Artifical Semi Synthetic Oxido Reductases Flavo Enzyme Hybrid Enzymes Combinatorial Chemistry Organic Synthesis Libraries De Novo Design of Catalysts Some Early Achievements of Protein Engineering Possible Candidates for Future Protein Engineering Improving Enzymes by Using Organic Solvents

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