Use of Genome Analysis for Designing Vaccines and Drugs, P. Falciparum, A. Gambiae, B Neisseria Meningitidis

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Use of genome analysis for designing vaccines and drugs

The microbial genome analysis (particularly the study of the genomes of pathogens) will also be utilized extensively for designing diagnostic kits, vaccines and drugs against the diseases caused by these pathogens. This use of microbil genomics has achieved special significance, since it is now known that the pathogens often have the ability to alter their antigenic potential, which enable them to evade the human immune system. This has made it more difficult to design vaccines and drugs by conventional methods, thus making the genome analysis more rewarding. For instance, new vaccine candidate against subgroup B Neisseria meningitidis (MenB), on the basis of genome analysis, were reported in the year 2000.

Similarly, on the basis of genome sequence of Plasmodium falciparum (which causes malaria), two genes were identified, which encode enzymes of DOXP pathway (DOXP = 1-deoxy – D-xylulose-5- phosphate) involved in the synthesis of isoprenoids such as cholesterol. This allowed the designing of inhibitors of these enzymes, which in their turn inhibited the entire DOXP pathway, resulting I the inhibition of the growth of the parasite P. falciparum. This approach for development of antimalarial drugs will be further facilitated by the whole genome sequences o P. falciparum and A. gambiae, which became available in October 2002.

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