Mulberry Improvement through Biotechnology,Meconellicoccus Hirsutus,Exoista Bomycis,Cryptolaemus Montrouzieri,Nesolyns Thymus

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Home >> Industrial and Microbial Biotechnology >> Microbes and Microbial Genomics for Industry >> Mulberry Improvement through Biotechnology

Your Ad Here	Mulberry improvement through biotechnology Pest management. Several pests are known to cause heavy losses to mulberry. The more important of these pests include mealy bug (meconellicoccus hirsutus) and uzi fly (Exorista bomycis), the losses due to each of them being 10-15% in India resulting in a reduction of 4-8 kg in cocoon yield per 100 laying. The losses may be still greater in some other countries. Biological control has been suggested and practised for both these pests, since several natural enemies of these pests are known. For instance, the beetle, Cryptolaemus montrouzierifeed on all stages of mealy bug. About 250 adults of this predator are released per acre of mealy bug infested mulberry garden. The technology of large scale production of this beetle has been developed at CSRTI, Mysore.
For the biological control of uzi fly also, several enemies are known. Nesolyns thymus (a gregarious parasitoid) has been found to be most effective. In an integrated pest management (IPM) package, this parasitoid is used with an insecticide (uzicide). During 1990-92, this package led to 77% suppression of uzi fly menace at farmers field, when tried by CSRTI with the assistance of the Department of Biotechnology. The biocontrol of the above two pests will certainly boost the production of cocoon by silkworm.
Mulberry breeding and tissue culture. Mulberry is not a suitable material for improvement using conventional methods of plant breeding due to the following factors: (i) it is perennial, (ii) it has prolonged juvenile period, (iii) it is heterozygous and (iv) it has inconsistent sex expression. In view of this, tissue culture techniques are being employed for the following purposes; (i) in vitro screening for tolerance to abiotic stresses, (ii) rapid ill vitro multiplication of elite genotypes, (iii) haploid breeding using anther/microspore culture; (iv) protoplast culture and protoplast fusion for somatic hybridization.
At CSRTI, 20 genotypes of mulberry have been tested for tolerance to drought and salinity. Two genotypes (ACC-3 and Jatinuni) were selected for salinity tolerance and three other genotypes (S 13, S27, S20) were selected for drought tolerance. Several elite genotypes (S 13, 834, K2 and VI) were also multiplied and transferred to soil after hardening. In future, anther culture, protoplast culture and protoplast fusion will be increasingly utilized for improvement of mulberry for sericulture.
Your Ad Here	Mulberry production technology. At CSRTI, biofertilizers are also being developed for growing mulberry. For instance application of 20 kg of Azotobacter biofertilizer could be used to reduce by 50% the recommended dose of nitrogen without affecting yield and quality of leaves. Farmers can save upto Rs. 600 per hectare per year using this technology. Inoculation of mulberry roots with vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizaea (VAM) fungi could also be used to reduce the recommended phosphorus dose by 75% thus saving another Rs: 1600 per hectare per year. These technologies will be increasingly used in future.

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