Microbial Transformations,Oxidation,Reduction,Isomerization,Hydrolysis,Condensation,Growing Cultures,Resting Cells,Enzymes,Immobilized Cells

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Microbes and Microbial Genomics for Industry Microbial and Microbial Genomics for Industry - Introduction Isolation and Culturing of Micro-organisms Isolation Methods Sterilization and Disinfection Methods Culture Methods Production of Organic Compounds by Microbial Fermentation Ethanol Production by Microbial Fermentation Preparation of Substrate by Microbial Fermentation Acetone Butanol Production by Microbial Fermentation Gluconic Acid Production by Microbial Fermentation Some Organic Compounds Produced by Microbial Fermentation Production of Other Organic Compounds by Microbial Fermentation Production of Enzymes by Micro Organisms Activity Based Approach for Microbial Biocatalysts by Micro Organisms Production of Alpha Amylases by Micro Organisms Production of Proteases by Micro Organisms Production of Lipases by Micro Organisms

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Your Ad Here	Microbial Transformations Micro-organisms have the ability to convert one organic molecule into another. Many complex bioconversions that are achieved by micro-organisms, can not be achieved by normal chemical means and are achieved with great difficulty by using organisms other than microbes. Microbial transformations of the molecules which have found industrial application involve oxidation, reduction, isomerization, hydrolysis, condensation, etc.
Transformations of organic compounds are achieved by using the spores, growing cultures, resting cells, enzymes, immobilized cells or enzymes derived from micro-organisms. Transformation reactions at large scale are carried out under sterile conditions in aerated and stirred fermenters. Sterilization is necessary because contamination can cause production of undesired substances or can suppress the desired reaction. The end products are generally secreted outside the cell and they remain either dissolved or suspended in the fermentation broth.
For further processing, if fungus is the micro-organism used, it is separated by filtration. Recovery of the product is achieved by precipitation as calcium salt, by adsorption to ion exchangers, by extraction with appropriate solvents or by direct distillation from the medium (for volatile substances). Some of the specific microbial transformations include the following.

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Molecular Techniques for Microbial Biocatalysts Production of Antibiotics by Micro Organisms Status of the Production of Different Antibiotics in India Microbes used for Production of Antibodies Steps for Commercial Production of Antibodies Microbial Transformations Transformations of Steroids and Sterols Transformation of Sorbitol to Sorbose Transformation of Antibiotics Single Cell Proteins SCPs from Micro Organisms The SCP Process Sewage Treatment Using Microbial Systems Degradation of Sewage Methane Production Biotechnology in Paper Industry Biological Lignin Degradation Sericulture Biotechnology Silkworm Improvement Through Biotechnology Immunodiagnostic Kits for Diseases Mulberry Improvement Through Biotechnology Biohydrometallurgy and Biomineralization Mechanisms of Metal Recovery Commercial Processes for Metal Recovery Biomineralization Deposition of Metals Bacterial Biomineralization Processes Applications of Genetically Engineered Bacteria Microbial Genomics in Industry Use of Genome Analysis for Designing Vaccines and Drugs Genomics of Agricultural Microbes Plant Pathogens and Symbionts

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