Isolation Methods,Ubiquitous,Sponge of the Soil,Soil Dilution,Gradient Plate Method,Aerosol Dilution,Flotation,Microbial Cultures

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Microbes and Microbial Genomics for Industry Microbial and Microbial Genomics for Industry - Introduction Isolation and Culturing of Micro-organisms Isolation Methods Sterilization and Disinfection Methods Culture Methods Production of Organic Compounds by Microbial Fermentation Ethanol Production by Microbial Fermentation Preparation of Substrate by Microbial Fermentation Acetone Butanol Production by Microbial Fermentation Gluconic Acid Production by Microbial Fermentation Some Organic Compounds Produced by Microbial Fermentation Production of Other Organic Compounds by Microbial Fermentation Production of Enzymes by Micro Organisms Activity Based Approach for Microbial Biocatalysts by Micro Organisms Production of Alpha Amylases by Micro Organisms Production of Proteases by Micro Organisms Production of Lipases by Micro Organisms

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Isolation methods
Microorganisms are though ubiquitous in their occurrence, common sources for their isolation are soils, lakes and river muds. Common techniques used for the isolation of industrially useful micro-organisms include the following: (i) direct sponge of the soil; (ii) soil dilution; (iii) gradient plate method (pour plate and streak plate techniques); (iv) aerosol dilution; (v) flotation; (vi) centrifugation. Although for the detailed description of the above techniques, the readers are advised to consult a book on practical microbiology, they should recognize that the technique of isolating microorganisms also varies according to the nature and physiological properties of the microbe to be isolated.

For example, isolation of fungi from a mixture of fungi and bacteria can be achieved easily by incorporating in the growth medium, antibiotics to which the bacteria are sensitive. Similarly, from a mixture of sporulating (spore forming) and non-sporulating bacteria, spore forming bacteria can be isolated by heating the mixture to 70-80°C for 5-10 min, leading to the death of all vegetative forms, so that the remaining spores will belong to only sporulating bacteria. Small samples of microbial cultures can also be obtained from permanent cultures, which are maintained by government as well as private agencies in most countries.

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