Enzymes as Drug Targets, Carboanhydrase, Sulpha Drugs, Metabolite, Sulfanilamide, Prontosil, Sulfonamide, Natriuresis

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Enzymes as drug targets

One of the earliest known example of enzymes used as drug target included carboanhydrase. Many sulpha drugs function through inhibition of this enzyme. For instance, the activity of this enzyme is inhibited by metabolites (e.g., sulfanilamide) of sulpha drug prontosil (a sulfonamide), which in its turn result in an increase of natriuresis (formation of urine with Na⁺ salts) and excretion of water, a requirement for treatment of certain diseases. The carboanhydrase inhibitor, sulfanilamide was later used for developing better inhibitors including acetazolamide, and more effective diuretics like bydrochlorothiazide, furosemide, etc. These inhibitors are used in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (e.g., sulfathiazole and tolbutamide), and are also used with diuretics that are used for treatment of edema, glaucoma, or hypertension (diuretic is a molecule causing increased output of urine)

^{Schematic Representation of Derivatives of Sulfanilamide}

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