Drug Discovery and Drug Designing Introduction, Proteins, Enzymes, Molecule, Gene Therapy, DNA, Pharmacogenomics, Post-Genomic

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Drug Discovery and Drug Designing Drug Discovery and Drug Designing Introduction Early History of Drug Discovery History of Drug Discovery Enzymes/Receptors as Drug Targets Receptors as Drug Targets Enzymes as Drug Targets Molecular Biology for Drug Discovery Recombinant Proteins and Monoclonal Antibodies as Drugs Molecular basis of Disease Processes Target Identification and Validation Combinatorial Chemistry and HTS Organic Synthesis (Combinatorial Chemistry for Drug Discovery) Target-Oriented Organic Synthesis and Retrosynthetic Analysis

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Your Ad Here	Drug Discovery and Drug Designing In the previous chapter, we discussed how proteins and enzymes can be engineered and modified according to special needs of chemical industry. Another area, where molecules would be designed and modified for specific needs is the pharmaceutical industry, where drugs need to be produced to suit specific needs. Earlier in this book, we described methods for designing genes for gene therapy and for developing personalized medicines using genomic DNA profiles or expression (mRNA) profiles of individual patients. The area involving personalized medicines is popularly described as pharmacogenomics, which involves development of drugs prescribed on the basis of individual’s response to the drug. This is going to be a challenge for the pharmaceutical industry, which has to respond to this demand in the post-genomic era of health care and family welfare
In both academia and industry, in the early years of the 21st century, there is a race for setting up facilities for both the structural/ functional genomics and bioinformatics, so that biotechnology industry will become ‘discovery’ industry. As we entered the 21st century, we also noticed that genomes of as many as 50 microbes (many of them causing important disease in humans and livestock) were already sequenced and the genomes of another few hundred microbes were being sequenced. Consequently, complete information about a number of disease causing organisms as well as that of human genome will become available in the first decade of the 21st century. Two questions, however, are being asked in the industry. First, how will this highly experimental and sophisticated approach work? And second, will it really lead to the development of new drugs?
It is, however, believed by many that this new information will prove extremely useful for developing new drugs, not only for different diseases, but also suiting individual’s responses to specific drugs. Keeping this in view, new paradigms of drug discovery have emerged and are being tried both b the academia and by the industry, although no medicine has so far (at the end of 2001) been produced utilizing genomics data. However, this will certainly keeping this in view, we plan to discuss in this chapter the different approaches that are being currently used for drug discovery and drug designing	Your Ad Here

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Diversity-Oriented Organic Synthesis and Evolving Synthetic Analysis Solid Phase Synthesis for Drug Discovery Combinatorial Biocatalysis for Drug Disovery Synthesis of Bergenin Derivatives Drug Discovery in Cancer Research Microbial Genomics for New Antibiotics Genomics Drugs (Pharmacogenomics) Immunotoxins as Drugs Drug Designing Drug Designing by Blocking Enzyme Activity Drug Designing through Blocking Hormone Receptors Drug Designing through Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis Drug Designing Against Heterogeneous Targets

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