Drug Designing through Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis, Gout, Antimetabiotics, Thioguanine, DNA, Azathioprine

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Drug designing through inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

G. Elison and G. Hitchings (both of USA) were able to develop drugs for treating cancer, gout, malaria and viral infections such as herpes, through their detailed studies of antimetabolites or inhibitors (they block key enzymes) of DNA synthesis. They found that there are drugs like 6-mercaptopurine and thioguanine which inhibit DNA synthesis therefore are effective in cancer chemotherapy. Anther drug developed by them is azathioprine, used to fight transplant rejection, or diseases like rhematoid arthritis, in both cases the drug acting by attacking the immune system (immunosuppressive effect).

Elison and Hitchings also studied the differences in nucleic acid synthesis of prokaryotes and humans cells, which led to the development of drugs like pyramethamine for malaria, trimethoprim for bacterial infection and acyclovir for herpes virus infection. Azidothymidine (AZT) developed recently for AIDS also works on the principle formulated by Elison and Hitchings.

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